Background: Growing empirical evidence shows that the decision to migrate is influenced by parents’ international migration experiences, with the second generation being more likely to migrate than individuals with no migration background. However, the factors underpinning this intergenerational transmission of migration behaviour remain poorly understood. Objective: This study extends existing evidence in two main ways. First, it assesses the relative contribution of two transmission pathways: family migration history and lived childhood migration experiences. Second, it considers both the probability of migrating as an adult and the direction of migration (onward versus return migration). Methods: We apply survival analysis to retrospective survey data for baby boomers who were born in or migrated to any of 15 European countries during childhood and track their first international migration in adulthood. Results: Family migration history facilitates adult life migration, particularly when both parents migrated. Living in a foreign country as a child is more conducive to adult life migration than family migration history alone. For individuals born in the survey country, childhood migration experiences enable the acquisition of both general and location-specific migration capital, whereas for members of the 1.5 generation, these experiences mainly lead to location-specific migration capital. Contribution: Building on these initial findings, we refine the concept of migration capital as a set of general and location-specific attitudes, skills, and resources that accumulate within and across generations through family migration history and lived migration experiences, and that facilitate future migration by altering individuals’ perceptions of migration’s monetary and non-monetary costs and benefits. Further empirical testing is required to generalise this concept.

中文翻译：

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移民资本的代际传递：家庭移民历史和生活移民经历的作用（作者：Aude Bernard、Francisco Perales）

背景：越来越多的经验证据表明，移民决定受到父母国际移民经历的影响，第二代比没有移民背景的人更有可能移民。然而，支撑这种移民行为代际传递的因素仍然知之甚少。目的：本研究主要通过两种方式扩展现有证据。首先，它评估了两种传播途径的相对贡献：家庭移民史和童年移民经历。其次，它考虑了成年后迁移的可能性和迁移的方向（继续迁移与返回迁移）。方法：我们对出生于 15 个欧洲国家或在儿童时期移民到任何一个的婴儿潮一代的回顾性调查数据进行生存分析，并跟踪他们成年后的首次国际移民。结果：家庭移民史有利于成年后的终生移民，特别是当父母双方都移民时。童年生活在外国比单纯的家庭移民史更有利于成年后的终生移民。对于出生在调查国家的个体来说，童年移民经历能够获得一般性移民资本和特定地点移民资本，而对于1.5代的成员来说，这些经历主要导致特定地点移民资本。贡献：在这些初步发现的基础上，我们将移民资本的概念细化为一套一般性和特定地点的态度、技能和资源，这些态度、技能和资源通过家庭移民历史和生活移民经历在代内和代际积累，并促进未来的移民通过改变个人对移民的货币和非货币成本和收益的看法。需要进一步的实证测试来推广这个概念。