Exercise has long been acknowledged for its powerful disease-preventing, health-promoting effects. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise are not fully understood. Inflammation is a component of the stress response to exercise. Recent work has revealed that such inflammation is not merely a symptom of exertion; rather, it is a key regulator of exercise adaptations, particularly in skeletal muscle. The purpose of this piece is to provide a conceptual framework that we hope will integrate exercise immunology with exercise physiology, muscle biology, and cellular immunology. We start with an overview of early studies in the field of exercise immunology, followed by an exploration of the importance of stromal cells and immunocytes in the maintenance of muscle homeostasis based on studies of experimental muscle injury. Subsequently, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the functions and physiological relevance of the immune system in exercised muscle. Finally, we highlight a potential immunological basis for the benefits of exercise in musculoskeletal diseases and aging.

中文翻译：

---

骨骼肌运动适应的免疫调节


运动长期以来因其强大的预防疾病、促进健康的作用而被认可。然而，运动产生有益效果的细胞和分子机制尚未完全了解。炎症是运动应激反应的一个组成部分。最近的研究表明，这种炎症不仅仅是劳累的症状，也是劳累的症状。相反，它是运动适应的关键调节因子，尤其是骨骼肌。本文的目的是提供一个概念框架，我们希望将运动免疫学与运动生理学、肌肉生物学和细胞免疫学整合起来。我们首先概述运动免疫学领域的早期研究，然后根据实验性肌肉损伤的研究探讨基质细胞和免疫细胞在维持肌肉稳态中的重要性。随后，我们讨论了我们对运动肌肉中免疫系统的功能和生理相关性的理解的最新进展。最后，我们强调运动对肌肉骨骼疾病和衰老的益处的潜在免疫学基础。