CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol is a pivotal route for CO₂ conversion and fixation, with Cu-based catalysts currently exhibiting superior performance. However, the majority of reported Cu-based catalysts lack a comparison with commercial Cu-based catalysts employed in methanol synthesis from syngas. Furthermore, there are limited research works on the effect of sizes of Cu particle to catalyst performance, especially for inverse Cu catalysts, which is a promising catalyst with highly active ZrO_x-Cu interface. By precisely controlling the synthesis method to regulate the particle size of Cu in Zr-Cu inverse catalysts, we illustrated that the copper surface area plays a predominant role in influencing catalytic activity. Additionally, the presence of highly dispersed ZrO_x clusters on the surface of Cu particles not only enhances the space-time yield of methanol but also serves to segregate Cu particles and to inhibit sintering. The unique structure of Zr-Cu inverse catalysts leads to comparable reactivity to the commercial Cu catalysts.

CO _{2加氢制甲醇是CO 2}转化和固定的关键途径，目前铜基催化剂表现出优越的性能。然而，大多数报道的铜基催化剂缺乏与合成气合成甲醇中使用的商用铜基催化剂的比较。此外，关于Cu颗粒尺寸对催化剂性能影响的研究工作还很有限，特别是反相Cu催化剂，它是一种具有高活性ZrO _x -Cu界面的有前景的催化剂。通过精确控制合成方法来调节Zr-Cu反相催化剂中Cu的粒径，我们表明铜表面积在影响催化活性方面起着主导作用。此外，Cu颗粒表面高度分散的ZrO _x簇的存在不仅提高了甲醇的时空产率，而且还起到偏析Cu颗粒并抑制烧结的作用。 Zr-Cu反相催化剂的独特结构导致其反应活性与商业铜催化剂相当。