In processing their two languages, bilinguals have to selectively attend to the target language and reduce interference from the non-target language. This experience may have specific cognitive consequences on Executive Functions (EF) through bilingual language processing. Some studies found cognitive consequences in executive functioning skills. However, other studies did not replicate these findings or found a bilingual disadvantage. The aim of this study was to test for the cognitive consequences of bilingualism in EF among a large number of young adults using a latent variable approach, to rule out non-EF task differences as an explanation for inconsistency across studies. Also, we were interested in testing the EF structure using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach. The results did not support a cognitive consequence of bilingualism and also the EF structure was the same for both groups. We discuss other possible variables that might contribute to the mixed results across studies.

中文翻译：

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使用验证性因素分析研究单语和双语成人的执行功能结构

在处理两种语言时，双语者必须有选择地关注目标语言并减少非目标语言的干扰。这种经历可能通过双语语言处理对执行功能（EF）产生特定的认知后果。一些研究发现执行功能技能中的认知后果。然而，其他研究并没有重复这些发现或发现双语的劣势。本研究的目的是使用潜在变量方法测试大量年轻人在 EF 中使用双语的认知后果，以排除非 EF 任务差异作为研究间不一致的解释。此外，我们有兴趣使用验证性因子分析 (CFA) 方法测试 EF 结构。结果不支持双语的认知后果，而且两组的 EF 结构相同。我们讨论了可能导致研究结果混合的其他可能变量。