Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are unique polymers known for their intrinsic micro-scale porosity contributed by bulky and rigid contortion sites in the polymer backbone. Inherent attributes of PIMs, such as structural diversity and good processability have made them valuable in various applications. Herein, we outlined a comprehensive overview on the latest progress of ladder PIMs on different industrial challenges. This review has systematically discussed the state-of-the-art ladder PIMs redesigned on intrinsic micro-structure through five different perspectives, including (i) architecting the polymer backbone, (ii) post-modification on polymer structure, (iii) polymer blends and copolymerization, (iv) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), and (v) post-modification on membranes, aiming to address the carbon-related international treaties. A summary of their CO capture performance on Robeson plots is portrayed and evaluated. In addition, the implementation of PIMs in energy-efficient membrane-based olefin/paraffin separation is highlighted. Subsequently, solution-processable ladder PIMs, in the form of powder, nanofibrous, films or membranes applied in the field of environmental application, catalysis, electrochemical energy storage and conversion, sensing, and 3D printing are emphasized. Along with the contemplation on outlook and future perspective, this review is anticipated to path a new avenue for the continuous development and optimization of PIMs materials in sustainable applications.

中文翻译：

---

固有微孔（PIM）膜聚合物的最新进展：深入研究碳捕获和艰苦工业应用的固有微观结构


固有微孔聚合物（PIM）是一种独特的聚合物，以其固有的微尺度孔隙率而闻名，这些孔隙率是由聚合物主链中庞大且刚性的扭曲位点造成的。 PIM 的固有属性，例如结构多样性和良好的加工性能，使其在各种应用中都很有价值。在此，我们全面概述了梯形 PIM 在应对不同行业挑战方面的最新进展。本综述通过五个不同的角度系统地讨论了根据内在微观结构重新设计的最先进的梯形PIM，包括（i）构建聚合物主链，（ii）聚合物结构的后改性，（iii）聚合物共混物和共聚，（iv）混合基质膜（MMM），以及（v）膜后改性，旨在解决与碳相关的国际条约。描述并评估了他们在 Robeson 图上的 CO 捕获性能的总结。此外，还强调了 PIM 在节能型膜烯烃/石蜡分离中的应用。随后，重点介绍了可溶液加工的梯形PIM，以粉末、纳米纤维、薄膜或膜的形式应用于环境应用、催化、电化学能量存储和转换、传感和3D打印领域。除了对前景和未来前景的思考之外，本次审查预计将为可持续应用中 PIM 材料的持续开发和优化开辟一条新途径。