The present study explored the anticancer activity of a Chitosan-based nanogel incorporating thiocolchicoside and lauric acid (CTL) against oral cancer cell lines (KB-1). Cell viability, AO/EtBr dual staining and Cell cycle analysis were done to evaluate the impact of CTL nanogel on oral cancer cells. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze proapoptotic and antiapoptotic gene expression in CTL-treated KB-1 cells. Further, molecular docking analysis was conducted to explore the interaction of our key ingredient, thiocolchicoside and its binding affinities. The CTL nanogel demonstrated potent anticancer activity by inhibiting oral cancer cell proliferation and inducing cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Gene expression analysis indicated alterations in Bax and Bcl-2 genes; CTL nanogel treatment increased Bax mRNA expression and inhibited the Bcl-2 mRNA expression, which showed potential mechanisms of the CTL nanogel's anticancer action. It was found that thiocolchicoside can stabilize the protein's function or restore it as a tumour suppressor. The CTL nanogel exhibited excellent cytotoxicity and potent anticancer effects, making it a potential candidate for non-toxic chemotherapy in cancer nanomedicine. Furthermore, the nanogel's ability to modulate proapoptotic gene expression highlights its potential for targeted cancer therapy. This research contributes to the growing interest in Chitosan-based nanogels and their potential applications in cancer treatment.

本研究探讨了掺有硫代秋水仙苷和月桂酸（CTL）的基于壳聚糖的纳米凝胶对口腔癌细胞系（KB-1）的抗癌活性。通过细胞活力、AO/EtBr 双染色和细胞周期分析来评估 CTL 纳米凝胶对口腔癌细胞的影响。进行实时 PCR 分析 CTL 处理的 KB-1 细胞中促凋亡和抗凋亡基因的表达。此外，还进行了分子对接分析，以探索我们的关键成分硫代秋水仙苷的相互作用及其结合亲和力。 CTL纳米凝胶通过抑制口腔癌细胞增殖和诱导癌细胞细胞周期停滞而表现出有效的抗癌活性。基因表达分析表明 Bax 和 Bcl-2 基因发生改变； CTL纳米凝胶处理增加了Bax mRNA表达并抑制了Bcl-2 mRNA表达，这显示了CTL纳米凝胶抗癌作用的潜在机制。研究发现，硫代秋水仙苷可以稳定该蛋白质的功能或恢复其作为肿瘤抑制因子的功能。 CTL纳米凝胶表现出优异的细胞毒性和有效的抗癌作用，使其成为癌症纳米医学中无毒化疗的潜在候选者。此外，纳米凝胶调节促凋亡基因表达的能力凸显了其靶向癌症治疗的潜力。这项研究有助于人们对基于壳聚糖的纳米凝胶及其在癌症治疗中的潜在应用日益增长的兴趣。