Social‐ecological systems like fisheries provide food, livelihoods and recreation. However, lack of data and its integration into governance hinders their conservation and management. Stakeholders possess site‐specific knowledge crucial for confronting these challenges. There is increasing recognition that Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is valuable, but structural differences between ILK and quantitative archetypes have stalled the assimilation of ILK into fisheries management, despite acknowledged bias and uncertainty in scientific methods. Conducting a systematic review of fisheries‐associated ILK research (n = 397 articles), we examined how ILK is accessed, applied, distributed across space and species, and has evolved. We show that ILK has generated qualitative, semi‐quantitative and quantitative information for diverse taxa across 98 countries. Fisheries‐associated ILK research mostly targets small‐scale and artisanal fishers (70% of studies) and typically uses semi‐structured interviews (60%). We revealed large variability in sample size (n = 4–7638), predicted by the approach employed and the data generated (i.e. qualitative studies target smaller groups). Using thematic categorisation, we show that scientists are still exploring techniques, or ‘validating’ ILK through comparisons with quantitative scientific data (20%), and recording qualitative information of what fishers understand (40%). A few researchers are applying quantitative social science methods to derive trends in abundance, catch and effort. Such approaches facilitate recognition of local insight in fisheries management but fall short of accepting ILK as a valid complementary way of knowing about fisheries systems. This synthesis reveals that development and increased opportunities are needed to bridge ILK and quantitative scientific data.

中文翻译：

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渔业科学中土著和地方知识研究和应用的新方向：系统评价的经验教训

渔业等社会生态系统提供食物、生计和娱乐。然而，缺乏数据及其纳入治理阻碍了它们的保护和管理。利益相关者拥有应对这些挑战至关重要的特定地点知识。人们越来越认识到土著和地方知识（ILK）很有价值，但ILK和定量原型之间的结构差异阻碍了ILK融入渔业管​​理，尽管科学方法存在公认的偏见和不确定性。对与渔业相关的 ILK 研究进行系统回顾（n= 397 篇文章），我们研究了 ILK 是如何跨空间和物种获取、应用、分布以及演变的。我们证明 ILK 已经为 98 个国家的不同分类群生成了定性、半定量和定量信息。与渔业相关的 ILK 研究主要针对小规模手工渔民（70% 的研究），通常使用半结构化访谈（60%）。我们发现样本量存在很大差异（n= 4–7638），通过所采用的方法和生成的数据进行预测（即定性研究针对较小的群体）。使用主题分类，我们表明科学家仍在探索技术，或通过与定量科学数据（20%）进行比较来“验证”ILK，并记录渔民理解的定性信息（40%）。一些研究人员正在应用定量社会科学方法来得出丰富度、捕获量和努力量的趋势。此类方法有助于认可当地对渔业管理的见解，但未能接受 ILK 作为了解渔业系统的有效补充方式。这一综合表明，需要发展和增加机会来连接 ILK 和定量科学数据。