The rising pollution by synthetic dyes from the textile industry is a serious health problem calling for safer chemicals and textile production methods. As an alternative, bio-based colorants are increasingly used for food, cosmetics, flavors, medical applications. Here we review bio-based textile dyeing with focus on dye classification, methods to improve dyeing, and mordants and bio-mordants. Dyes are classified according to their origin such as plant, animal, mineral, microbes, and waste; their chemical structure, e.g., indigoid, flavonoid, and tannin dyes; their color; and their application such as mordant dyes and direct dyes. Methods to improve dyeing include sonication, plasma, ultraviolet, microwave, and gamma irradiation. Most bio-based dyes are biodegradable, renewable, non-hazardous, non-allergic, and simple to use. Yet bio-based dyes are limited by poor color fastness and a constrained palette of shades. These limitations can be resolved by using mordants on textile materials. Bio-mordants enhance the bonding of natural dyes to the fabric, resulting in textiles that exhibit excellent washing fastness.

纺织工业合成染料造成的污染日益严重，这是一个严重的健康问题，需要更安全的化学品和纺织生产方法。作为替代方案，生物基着色剂越来越多地用于食品、化妆品、香料和医疗应用。在这里，我们回顾了生物基纺织染色，重点是染料分类、改善染色的方法以及媒染剂和生物媒染剂。染料按其来源分类，如植物、动物、矿物、微生物和废物；它们的化学结构，例如靛蓝、类黄酮和单宁染料；他们的颜色；及其应用，如媒染染料和直接染料。改善染色的方法包括超声处理、等离子体、紫外线、微波和伽马射线照射。大多数生物基染料是可生物降解的、可再生的、无害的、不过敏的并且使用简单。然而，生物基染料受到色牢度差和色调调色板限制的限制。这些限制可以通过在纺织材料上使用媒染剂来解决。生物媒染剂增强天然染料与织物的结合，使纺织品表现出优异的耐洗牢度。