Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is driven by complex mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities with profound tumoral heterogeneity, making it challenging to treat. Ten years ago, the 5-year survival rate of patients with AML was only 29% with conventional chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. All attempts to improve conventional therapy over the previous 40 years had failed. Now, new genomic, immunological, and molecular insights have led to a renaissance in AML therapy. Improvements to standard chemotherapy and a wave of new targeted therapies have been developed. However, how best to incorporate these advances into frontline therapy and sequence them in relapse is not firmly established. In this review, we highlight current treatments of AML, targeted agents, and pioneering attempts to synthesize these developments into a rational standard of care (SoC).

中文翻译：

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AML治疗：传统化疗和新兴药物

急性髓系白血病 (AML) 是由复杂的突变和细胞遗传学异常驱动的，具有深刻的肿瘤异质性，使其治疗具有挑战性。十年前，常规化疗和干细胞移植的AML患者5年生存率仅为29%。过去 40 年来所有改进传统疗法的尝试都失败了。现在，新的基因组学、免疫学和分子学见解导致了 AML 治疗的复兴。标准化疗的改进和一系列新的靶向治疗已经开发出来。然而，如何最好地将这些进展纳入一线治疗并在复发时对其进行排序尚未确定。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 AML 的当前治疗方法、靶向药物以及将这些进展综合成合理护理标准 (SoC) 的开创性尝试。