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A PAM hydrogel surface-coated hydroponic bamboo evaporator with efficient thermal utilization for solar evaporation
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172597 Wenfang Cai 1 , Wenting Wang 2 , Jiaoli Ji 2 , Yunhai Wang 3 , Zhengjiang Wang 4 , Jin Mao 4 , Jing Wang 4 , Mingkuan Zhang 4 , Yapeng Liu 4 , Qingyun Chen 2
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172597 Wenfang Cai 1 , Wenting Wang 2 , Jiaoli Ji 2 , Yunhai Wang 3 , Zhengjiang Wang 4 , Jin Mao 4 , Jing Wang 4 , Mingkuan Zhang 4 , Yapeng Liu 4 , Qingyun Chen 2
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Solar-driven interfacial water purification emerges as a sustainable technology for seawater desalination and wastewater treatment to address the challenge of water scarcity. Currently, the energy losses radiation and convection to surrounding environment minimize its energy efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies to minimize the heat losses for efficient water purification. Here, a novel evaporator was developed through the gelation of PAM hydrogel on the surface carbonized hydroponic bamboo (PSC) to promote energy efficiency. The inherent porous and layered network structures of bamboo, in synergy with the functional hydration capacity of PAM hydrogel, facilitated adequate water transportation, while reducing evaporation enthalpy. The PAM hydrogel firmly covered on the photothermal layer surface effectively minimized the radiation and convection heat losses, while further harvesting those thermal energy that would otherwise dissipate into the surrounding environment. The reduced thermal conductivity of PSC served as a thermal insulator as well, obstructing heat transfer to bulk water and thus diminishing conduction losses. Consequently, the rational designed PSC could efficiently convert solar energy to purified water, leading to the evaporation of 2.09 kg m h, the energy efficiency of 87.6 % under one sun irradiation, and yielding 9.6 kg m fresh water over 11 h outdoor operation. Moreover, the PSC also performs excellent salt rejection, and long-term stability at outdoor experiment. These results demonstrated high and stable solar evaporation performance could be achieved if turning heat losses into a way of extra energy extraction to further enhance the evaporation performance. This strategy appears to be a promising strategy for effective thermal energy management and practical application.
中文翻译：
一种 PAM 水凝胶表面涂层水培竹蒸发器，可有效利用太阳能蒸发热
太阳能驱动的界面水净化作为海水淡化和废水处理的可持续技术而出现，以应对水资源短缺的挑战。目前，辐射和对流到周围环境的能量损失使其能源效率最小化。因此，有必要制定策略来最大限度地减少热损失，以实现高效的水净化。在这里，通过在碳化水培竹（PSC）表面凝胶化 PAM 水凝胶，开发了一种新型蒸发器，以提高能源效率。竹子固有的多孔和层状网络结构与PAM水凝胶的功能性水合能力协同作用，促进了充分的水输送，同时降低了蒸发焓。 PAM水凝胶牢固地覆盖在光热层表面，有效地最大限度地减少了辐射和对流热损失，同时进一步收集了那些否则会消散到周围环境中的热能。 PSC 的导热系数降低，同时也起到了绝热体的作用，阻碍了向大量水的热传递，从而减少了传导损失。因此，设计合理的PSC可以有效地将太阳能转化为纯净水，在一次太阳照射下蒸发量为2.09 kg·m·h，能源效率为87.6%，在室外运行11 h后可产生9.6 kg·m·h的淡水。此外，PSC还具有优异的脱盐率和户外实验的长期稳定性。这些结果表明，如果将热损失转化为额外能量提取的方式以进一步提高蒸发性能，则可以实现高且稳定的太阳能蒸发性能。 该策略对于有效的热能管理和实际应用来说似乎是一种有前途的策略。
更新日期：2024-04-18
中文翻译：
一种 PAM 水凝胶表面涂层水培竹蒸发器，可有效利用太阳能蒸发热
太阳能驱动的界面水净化作为海水淡化和废水处理的可持续技术而出现，以应对水资源短缺的挑战。目前，辐射和对流到周围环境的能量损失使其能源效率最小化。因此，有必要制定策略来最大限度地减少热损失，以实现高效的水净化。在这里，通过在碳化水培竹（PSC）表面凝胶化 PAM 水凝胶，开发了一种新型蒸发器，以提高能源效率。竹子固有的多孔和层状网络结构与PAM水凝胶的功能性水合能力协同作用，促进了充分的水输送，同时降低了蒸发焓。 PAM水凝胶牢固地覆盖在光热层表面，有效地最大限度地减少了辐射和对流热损失，同时进一步收集了那些否则会消散到周围环境中的热能。 PSC 的导热系数降低，同时也起到了绝热体的作用，阻碍了向大量水的热传递，从而减少了传导损失。因此，设计合理的PSC可以有效地将太阳能转化为纯净水，在一次太阳照射下蒸发量为2.09 kg·m·h，能源效率为87.6%，在室外运行11 h后可产生9.6 kg·m·h的淡水。此外，PSC还具有优异的脱盐率和户外实验的长期稳定性。这些结果表明，如果将热损失转化为额外能量提取的方式以进一步提高蒸发性能，则可以实现高且稳定的太阳能蒸发性能。 该策略对于有效的热能管理和实际应用来说似乎是一种有前途的策略。
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