Since their discovery in the 1990s, vortex beams, known for their ability to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), have found substantial applications in optical manipulation and high-dimensional classical and quantum information communication. However, their inherent diffraction in free space, resulting in OAM-dependent beam expansion, has constrained their utility in spatial mode multiplexing communication, fiber optic transmission, and particle manipulation. These domains necessitate vortex beams with OAM-independent propagation characteristics. Addressing this, we report an approach that employs the energy redistribution mechanism to reverse the radial energy flows of traditional vortex beams, thereby presenting iso-propagation vortex beams (IPVBs) with OAM-independent propagation dynamics. These IPVBs, attributed to their reversed radial energy flows, maintain resilience in diverse environments, from free space to challenging media, including sustaining their form post-damage, retaining consistent intensity in lossy media, and experiencing reduced modal scattering in atmospheric turbulence. Their unique features position IPVBs as promising candidates for applications in imaging, microscopy, optical communication, metrology, quantum information processing, and light-matter interactions. Case studies within optical communication reveal that the IPVB basis potentially unlocks a broader spectrum of data channels, enhancing information capacity over traditional spatial multiplexing techniques.

中文翻译：

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涡旋光束中的能量流反转动力学：独立于 OAM 的传播和增强的弹性

自 20 世纪 90 年代发现以来，涡旋光束以其携带轨道角动量 (OAM) 的能力而闻名，在光学操纵和高维经典和量子信息通信中得到了广泛的应用。然而，它们在自由空间中固有的衍射，导致依赖于 OAM 的光束扩展，限制了它们在空间模式复用通信、光纤传输和粒子操纵中的实用性。这些域需要具有与 OAM 无关的传播特性的涡旋光束。为了解决这个问题，我们报告了一种采用能量重新分配机制来反转传统涡旋光束的径向能量流的方法，从而提出具有与 OAM 无关的传播动力学的等传播涡旋光束 (IPVB)。这些 IPVB 归因于其反向径向能量流，可在从自由空间到具有挑战性的介质的各种环境中保持弹性，包括在损坏后维持其形状，在有损介质中保持一致的强度，以及在大气湍流中减少模态散射。其独特的功能使 IPVB 成为成像、显微镜、光通信、计量、量子信息处理和光与物质相互作用等领域应用的有希望的候选者。光通信领域的案例研究表明，IPVB 基础有可能解锁更广泛的数据通道，从而增强传统空间复用技术的信息容量。