Restraint and seclusion (R/S) are practices employed by schools to address severe student behavior. Although the use of R/S has been shown to have harmful impact for students, staff, and schools, there is no federal law that addresses its use in schools. A lack of a universal approach leaves each state to determine its own legislation and policy. The current study seeks to extend previous research efforts on state policy guidance and legislation reviews on the use of R/S by reporting on key similarities and differences across states policy guidance and legislation. Specifically, policy guidance and legislation on the school use of R/S are reviewed from the U.S. states and territories, including Washington, D.C.; Puerto Rico; Guam; and the Virgin Islands. Most states and territories were found to have either legislation or policy guidance on the use of R/S in schools. However, there are many differences across the states, including on its use and reporting for students with disabilities. Findings are also compared with the proposed federal bill Keeping All Students Safe Act. Finally, given the lack of passage of the federal law, highlights and recommendations are provided for state leaders on considerations for improvement as R/S remains a state regulated educational issue.

中文翻译：

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美国关于学校限制和隔离的政策指导和立法回顾：改进的考虑

限制和隔离 (R/S) 是学校为解决严重学生行为而采取的做法。尽管 R/S 的使用已被证明会对学生、教职员工和学校产生有害影响，但没有联邦法律解决其在学校的使用问题。由于缺乏通用方法，每个州都需要确定自己的立法和政策。本研究旨在通过报告各州政策指导和立法之间的关键相似点和差异，扩展之前关于 R/S 使用的州政策指导和立法审查的研究工作。具体而言，美国各州和地区（包括华盛顿特区）对有关学校使用 R/S 的政策指导和立法进行了审查；波多黎各；关岛;和维尔京群岛。大多数州和地区都有关于在学校使用 R/S 的立法或政策指导。然而，各州之间存在许多差异，包括其对残疾学生的使用和报告。研究结果还与拟议的联邦法案《确保所有学生安全法案》进行了比较。最后，鉴于联邦法律尚未通过，为州领导人提供了关于改进考虑的重点和建议，因为 R/S 仍然是州监管的教育问题。