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Bioremediation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by extracellular enzymes of white rot fungi immobilized with sodium alginate/hydroxyapatite/chitosan microspheres
Environmental Research ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118937 Jing Wu 1 , Dawen Gao 1 , Litao Wang 1 , Xuran Du 1 , Zhou Zhang 1 , Hong Liang 1
Environmental Research ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118937 Jing Wu 1 , Dawen Gao 1 , Litao Wang 1 , Xuran Du 1 , Zhou Zhang 1 , Hong Liang 1
Affiliation
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Hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate biomass material known for its excellent biocompatibility, holds promising applications in water, soil, and air treatment. Sodium alginate/hydroxyapatite/chitosan (SA-HA-CS) microspheres were synthesized by cross-linking sodium alginate with calcium chloride. These microspheres were carriers for immobilizing extracellular crude enzymes from white rot fungi through adsorption, facilitating the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in water and soil. At 50 °C, the immobilized enzyme retained 87.2% of its maximum activity, while the free enzyme activity dropped to 68.86%. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme maintained 68.09% of its maximum activity at pH 7, surpassing the 51.16% observed for the free enzyme. Under optimal conditions (pH 5, 24 h), the immobilized enzymes demonstrated a remarkable 94.7% removal rate for 160 mg/L 2,4,6-TCP, outperforming the 62.1% achieved by free crude enzymes. The degradation of 2,4,6-TCP by immobilized and free enzymes adhered to quasi-first-order degradation kinetics. Based on LC-MS, the plausible biodegradation mechanism and reaction pathway of 2,4,6-TCP were proposed, with the primary degradation product identified as 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene. The immobilized enzyme effectively removed 72.9% of 2,4,6-TCP from the soil within 24 h. The degradation efficiency of the immobilized enzyme varied among different soil types, exhibiting a negative correlation with soil organic matter content. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing the application of immobilized extracellular crude enzymes in 2,4,6-TCP remediation.
中文翻译：
海藻酸钠/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖微球固定化白腐真菌胞外酶对2,4,6-三氯苯酚的生物修复
羟基磷灰石是一种磷酸钙生物质材料，以其优异的生物相容性而闻名，在水、土壤和空气处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。通过海藻酸钠与氯化钙交联合成海藻酸钠/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖(SA-HA-CS)微球。这些微球是通过吸附固定白腐真菌胞外粗酶的载体，促进水和土壤中2,4,6-三氯酚（2,4,6-TCP）的降解。 50℃时，固定化酶保留最大活性的87.2%，而游离酶活性下降至68.86%。此外，固定化酶在 pH 7 时保持其最大活性的 68.09%，超过了游离酶观察到的 51.16%。在最佳条件下（pH 5，24 h），固定化酶对 160 mg/L 2,4,6-TCP 的去除率高达 94.7%，优于游离粗酶的 62.1%。固定化酶和游离酶对 2,4,6-TCP 的降解遵循准一级降解动力学。基于LC-MS，提出了2,4,6-TCP的合理生物降解机制和反应路径，主要降解产物被确定为1,2,4-三羟基苯。固定化酶在24小时内有效去除土壤中72.9%的2,4,6-TCP。不同土壤类型固定化酶的降解效率存在差异，与土壤有机质含量呈负相关。这些发现为推进固定化细胞外粗酶在 2,4,6-TCP 修复中的应用提供了宝贵的见解。
更新日期：2024-04-15
中文翻译：
海藻酸钠/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖微球固定化白腐真菌胞外酶对2,4,6-三氯苯酚的生物修复
羟基磷灰石是一种磷酸钙生物质材料，以其优异的生物相容性而闻名，在水、土壤和空气处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。通过海藻酸钠与氯化钙交联合成海藻酸钠/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖(SA-HA-CS)微球。这些微球是通过吸附固定白腐真菌胞外粗酶的载体，促进水和土壤中2,4,6-三氯酚（2,4,6-TCP）的降解。 50℃时，固定化酶保留最大活性的87.2%，而游离酶活性下降至68.86%。此外，固定化酶在 pH 7 时保持其最大活性的 68.09%，超过了游离酶观察到的 51.16%。在最佳条件下（pH 5，24 h），固定化酶对 160 mg/L 2,4,6-TCP 的去除率高达 94.7%，优于游离粗酶的 62.1%。固定化酶和游离酶对 2,4,6-TCP 的降解遵循准一级降解动力学。基于LC-MS，提出了2,4,6-TCP的合理生物降解机制和反应路径，主要降解产物被确定为1,2,4-三羟基苯。固定化酶在24小时内有效去除土壤中72.9%的2,4,6-TCP。不同土壤类型固定化酶的降解效率存在差异，与土壤有机质含量呈负相关。这些发现为推进固定化细胞外粗酶在 2,4,6-TCP 修复中的应用提供了宝贵的见解。
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