The nanomaterials have been deeply explored as flame retardants for various polymeric materials due to their multifunctionality, but they often fail to significantly increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning UL-94 rating, thus unable to meet industrial needs (LOI>27.0 % and UL-94 V-0 rating). Herein, we fabricated a cerium/phosphorus-doped g-CN (Ce/P-CN) nanohybrid as a multifunctional high-efficiency fire retardant for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). The Ce/P-CN nanoflakes featured a strengthening effect towards ABS, 10 wt% of which increased the tensile strength of ABS/(Ce/P-CN) by 33.8 %. Meanwhile, the ABS/(Ce/P-CN) nanocomposites showed remarkably enhanced high-temperature stability and carbonization performances relative to virgin ABS. Ce/P-CN simultaneously improved the anti-ignition, fire retardancy and smoke suppression of ABS due to the barrier effect of g-CN nanoflakes and the catalytic carbonization effect of cerium and phosphorus. Notably, adding 10 wt% Ce/P-CN increased the LOI and UL-94 rating of ABS to 28.6 % and V-0, respectively, demonstrating its high flame-retardant efficiency. Thus, the high flame-retardant efficiency and multifunctionality enable Ce/P-CN to outperform previous flame retardants for ABS. This work offers a novel strategy for the development of high-efficiency g-CN nanoflakes, which endow ABS with improved mechanical robustness and fire retardancy and show broad industrial prospects.

中文翻译：

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用于先进 ABS 纳米复合材料的 Ce/P 功能化 g-C3N4 工程设计，具有无与伦比的阻燃性、增强的热性能和机械性能


纳米材料因其多功能性而被深入探索作为各种高分子材料的阻燃剂，但它们往往无法显着提高极限氧指数（LOI）和垂直燃烧UL-94等级，从而无法满足工业需求（LOI>27.0） % 和 UL-94 V-0 等级）。在此，我们制备了一种铈/磷掺杂的 g-CN (Ce/P-CN) 纳米杂化物作为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯 (ABS) 的多功能高效阻燃剂。 Ce/P-CN纳米片对ABS具有增强作用，10wt%的Ce/P-CN纳米片可使ABS/(Ce/P-CN)的拉伸强度提高33.8%。同时，ABS/(Ce/P-CN)纳米复合材料相对于原始ABS表现出显着增强的高温稳定性和碳化性能。 Ce/P-CN由于g-CN纳米片的阻隔作用和铈、磷的催化碳化作用，同时提高了ABS的抗燃性、阻燃性和抑烟性。值得注意的是，添加 10 wt% Ce/P-CN 将 ABS 的 LOI 和 UL-94 等级分别提高到 28.6% 和 V-0，证明了其高阻燃效率。因此，高阻燃效率和多功能性使 Ce/P-CN 的性能优于以前的 ABS 阻燃剂。这项工作为开发高效 g-CN 纳米片提供了一种新颖的策略，赋予 ABS 更高的机械强度和阻燃性，并显示出广阔的工业前景。