Accurate diagnosis of regional atmospheric and surface energy budgets is critical for understanding the spatial distribution of heat uptake associated with the Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI). This contribution discusses frameworks and methods for consistent evaluation of key quantities of those budgets using observationally constrained data sets. It thereby touches upon assumptions made in data products which have implications for these evaluations. We evaluate 2001–2020 average regional total (TE) and dry static energy (DSE) budgets using satellite-based and reanalysis data. For the first time, a consistent framework is applied to the ensemble of the 5th generation European Reanalysis (ERA5), version 2 of modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA-2), and the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA55). Uncertainties of the computed budgets are assessed through inter-product spread and evaluation of physical constraints. Furthermore, we use the TE budget to infer fields of net surface energy flux. Results indicate biases < 1 W/m² on the global, < 5 W/m² on the continental, and ~ 15 W/m² on the regional scale. Inferred net surface energy fluxes exhibit reduced large-scale biases compared to surface flux data based on remote sensing and models. We use the DSE budget to infer atmospheric diabatic heating from condensational processes. Comparison to observation-based precipitation data indicates larger uncertainties (10–15 Wm⁻² globally) in the DSE budget compared to the TE budget, which is reflected by increased spread in reanalysis-based fields. Continued validation efforts of atmospheric energy budgets are needed to document progress in new and upcoming observational products, and to understand their limitations when performing EEI research.

准确诊断区域大气和地表能量收支对于了解与地球能量失衡 (EEI) 相关的吸热空间分布至关重要。本贡献讨论了使用观察受限的数据集对这些预算的关键数量进行一致评估的框架和方法。因此，它涉及到对这些评估有影响的数据产品中所做的假设。我们使用基于卫星的数据和再分析数据评估 2001-2020 年平均区域总能源 (TE) 和干静态能源 (DSE) 预算。首次将一致的框架应用于第五代欧洲再分析 (ERA5)、现代研究和应用回顾分析第二版 (MERRA-2) 和日本 55 年再分析 (JRA55) 的整体）。通过产品间的分布和物理约束的评估来评估计算预算的不确定性。此外，我们使用 TE 预算来推断净表面能通量场。结果表明，全球范围内的偏差 < 1 W/m ² ，大陆范围内的偏差 < 5 W/m ² ，区域范围内的偏差约为 15 W/m ² 。与基于遥感和模型的表面通量数据相比，推断的净表面能量通量表现出减少的大规模偏差。我们使用 DSE 预算来推断凝结过程中的大气非绝热加热。与基于观测的降水数据的比较表明，与 TE 预算相比，DSE 预算具有更大的不确定性（全球为 10-15 Wm ^-2），这反映在基于再分析的字段中的分布增加。需要继续验证大气能量预算，以记录新的和即将推出的观测产品的进展，并了解其在进行 EEI 研究时的局限性。