General Approach to the Synthesis of Metal Hybrid Carbon/Titania Aerogel for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction,Energy & Fuels

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General Approach to the Synthesis of Metal Hybrid Carbon/Titania Aerogel for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c00417
Jian Ren _{1,

2} , Zhiyang Zhao _{1,

2,

3} , Yong Kong _{1,

2,

4} , Kunmeng Zhu _{1,

2} , Wei Jiang _{1,

2} , Man Yuan _{1,

2} , Jinqiong Tang _{1,

2} , Xiaodong Shen _{1,

2,

4}

Affiliation

A mass production route to catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for their end-use application. To date, the direct manufacture of ORR catalysts through simple and economic manufacturing routes remains a challenge, with current approaches relying on convoluted processes using expensive components. Here, a straightforward and cost-effective method is developed to fabricate metal hybrid carbon/titania composite aerogels (CTA-M) as ORR catalysts, which was obtained via carbonizing metal hybrid resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF)/titania composite aerogels at 900 °C in an inert atmosphere. The effect of metal nitrate, including La, Sm, Zr, Cr, Fe, and Cu nitrates, on the structure and ORR performance was investigated. The high porosity and specific surface area enabled CTA-M with a high mass transfer performance. The high asymmetry of anatase leads to the presence of oxygen vacancies in the crystal structure of CTA-M, which maintains the electrostatic equilibrium of the crystal structure, which verifies that the catalytic activity of anatase is superior to that of rutile, whereas the non-homogeneous product enhances the electrical conductivity, which further affects the catalytic activity of the ORR. Trace metal doping can modulate the electronic structure and composition of CTA-M. Iron nitrate doping carbon/titania aerogel (CTA-Fe-A) showed the best pore structure and oxygen adsorption performance. The specific surface area and pore volume of CTA-Fe-A were 720 m² g^–1 and 1.12 cm³ g^–1, respectively. The onset potential, half-wave potential, and ultimate current density were 0.82 V, 0.74 V, and 4.96 mA cm^–2, respectively. It is expected that this synthesis technique and the resulting CTA-M could be used as a method for large-scale commercial production of ORR catalysts, thus enabling the use of these materials in a broad spectrum of industrial applications.

中文翻译：

用于氧还原反应的金属杂化碳/二氧化钛气凝胶合成的一般方法

氧还原反应（ORR）催化剂的大规模生产路线对于其最终用途应用至关重要。迄今为止，通过简单且经济的制造路线直接制造 ORR 催化剂仍然是一个挑战，目前的方法依赖于使用昂贵组件的复杂工艺。这里，开发了一种简单且经济有效的方法来制造金属杂化碳/二氧化钛复合气凝胶（CTA-M）作为ORR催化剂，该催化剂是通过在900℃下碳化金属杂化间苯二酚-甲醛（RF）/二氧化钛复合气凝胶而获得的在惰性气氛中。研究了金属硝酸盐（包括 La、Sm、Zr、Cr、Fe 和 Cu 的硝酸盐）对结构和 ORR 性能的影响。高孔隙率和比表面积使CTA-M具有高传质性能。锐钛矿的高度不对称性导致CTA-M晶体结构中存在氧空位，维持了晶体结构的静电平衡，这验证了锐钛矿的催化活性优于金红石，而非锐钛矿的催化活性优于金红石。均质产物增强了电导率，这进一步影响了ORR的催化活性。微量金属掺杂可以调节CTA-M的电子结构和成分。硝酸铁掺杂碳/二氧化钛气凝胶（CTA-Fe-A）表现出最好的孔结构和氧吸附性能。 CTA-Fe-A的比表面积和孔体积分别为720 m ² g ^–1和1.12 cm ³ g ^–1。起始电位、半波电位和极限电流密度分别为0.82 V、0.74 V和4.96 mA cm ^–2。预计这种合成技术和所得的 CTA-M 可用作 ORR 催化剂大规模商业生产的方法，从而使这些材料能够在广泛的工业应用中使用。

更新日期：2024-04-18

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