Hypersonic vehicles must withstand extreme conditions during flights that exceed five times the speed of sound. These systems have the potential to facilitate rapid access to space, bolster defense capabilities, and create a new paradigm for transcontinental earth-to-earth travel. However, extreme aerothermal environments create significant challenges for vehicle materials and structures. This work addresses the critical need to develop resilient refractory alloys, composites, and ceramics. We will highlight key design principles for critical vehicle areas such as primary structures, thermal protection, and propulsion systems; the role of theory and computation; and strategies for advancing laboratory-scale materials to manufacturable flight-ready components.

高超音速飞行器在飞行过程中必须承受超过五倍音速的极端条件。这些系统有潜力促进快速进入太空，增强防御能力，并为跨大陆的地对地旅行创造新的范例。然而，极端的气热环境给车辆材料和结构带来了重大挑战。这项工作满足了开发弹性耐火合金、复合材料和陶瓷的迫切需求。我们将重点介绍关键车辆领域的关键设计原则，例如主要结构、热防护和推进系统；理论和计算的作用；以及将实验室规模的材料发展为可制造的飞行组件的策略。