Patients who suffer from sight-threatening eye diseases share a desire to regain a comfortable reading ability. In light of the modern advances achieved in ophthalmic diagnosis and therapy, and because a significant lack of comparability between reading charts still exists, there is an increasing need for a worldwide standard in the form of a norm for diagnostic reading charts. Already, applied advancements such as digital print, which allow a calibration of the print sizes of reading charts in correctly progressing geometric proportions by using the actual height of a lower case “x” in millimeters (x-height), and psychophysically standardizing reading charts and their test items by applying modern statistical methods have significantly contributed to establishing a norm for reading charts. In 2020, a proposal of the British delegation was accepted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) group “Visual Optics and Optical Instruments,” and a working group was established. Bearing in mind the efforts of the ISO with regard to an international norm, this review article is intended to (a) give an overview of the historical background and related normative approaches for diagnostic reading tests used in ophthalmology and optometry, (b) explain psychophysical and technical concerns, and (c) discuss the possibilities and limits of concepts that seem relevant to developing a modern standard for reading charts.

中文翻译：

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建立国际公认的图表阅读标准


患有威胁视力的眼病的患者都渴望重新获得舒适的阅读能力。鉴于眼科诊断和治疗方面取得的现代进步，并且由于阅读图表之间仍然严重缺乏可比性，因此越来越需要诊断阅读图表规范形式的全球标准。已经应用了诸如数字打印之类的进步，它允许通过使用以毫米为单位的小写“x”的实际高度（x高度）来以正确的几何比例校准阅读图表的打印尺寸，以及心理物理学上的标准化阅读图表他们应用现代统计方法进行的测试项目为建立阅读图表的规范做出了重大贡献。 2020年，英国代表团的一项提案被国际标准化组织（ISO）“视觉光学和光学仪器”小组接受，并成立了工作组。考虑到 ISO 在国际规范方面所做的努力，本文旨在 (a) 概述眼科和验光中使用的诊断阅读测试的历史背景和相关规范方法，(b) 解释心理物理学和技术问题，以及 (c) 讨论与制定现代图表阅读标准相关的概念的可能性和局限性。