Optical vortex (OV) modulation is a powerful technique for enhancing the intrinsic degrees-of-freedom in structured light applications. Particularly, the lattices involving multiple OVs have garnered significant academic interest owing to their wide applicability in optical tweezers and condensed matter physics. However, all OVs in a lattice possess the same order, which cannot be modulated individually, limiting its versatile application. Herein, we propose, to our knowledge, a novel concept, called the hot-swap method, to design a switchable hybrid-order OV lattice, in which each OV is easily replaced by arbitrary orders. We experimentally generated the switchable hybrid-order OV lattice and studied its characteristics, including interferograms, retrieved phase, energy flow, and orbital angular momentum. Furthermore, the significant advantages of the switchable hybrid-order OV lattice are demonstrated through the independent manipulation of multiple yeast cells. This study provides a novel scheme for accurate control and modulation of OV lattices, which greatly facilitates the diverse applications of optical manipulation and particle trapping and control.

中文翻译：

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可切换混合阶光学涡旋晶格

光学涡旋 (OV) 调制是一种增强结构光应用中固有自由度的强大技术。特别是，涉及多个OV的晶格由于其在光镊和凝聚态物理中的广泛适用性而引起了学术界的广泛关注。然而，晶格中的所有 OV 都具有相同的阶数，无法单独调制，限制了其通用性。在此，据我们所知，我们提出了一种称为热插拔方法的新颖概念来设计可切换的混合阶OV晶格，其中每个OV都很容易被任意阶替换。我们通过实验生成了可切换的混合阶OV晶格，并研究了其特性，包括干涉图、恢复相位、能量流和轨道角动量。此外，通过对多个酵母细胞的独立操作，证明了可切换混合顺序OV晶格的显着优势。这项研究为OV晶格的精确控制和调制提供了一种新颖的方案，极大地促进了光学操纵和粒子捕获与控制的多样化应用。