The stigma associated with sexual victimization (SV) can add to the psychological burden on survivors. We compared experiences of SV and SV stigma by survivor gender and sexuality and evaluated the relevance of public and internalized sources of this stigma to their psychological functioning. An online survey containing measures of SV type (sexual harassment and assault), public SV stigma, internalized SV stigma (self-blame, self-shame, anticipated-shame), and psychological functioning (depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptomatology) was completed by 877 women and 211 men aged 18 to 66 years ( M = 30.2, SD = 8.06), of whom 73.9% were heterosexual and 26.1% identified as a sexual minority (same-sex-attracted, bisexual, pansexual, or asexual). Sexual harassment and assault were more prevalent in women and sexual minority men. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with age and SV frequency as covariates also revealed poorer psychological functioning in sexual minority men, and higher levels of SV stigma in sexual minority women and men. Multigroup path analyses further showed that exposure to public stigma was associated with poorer psychological functioning, that internalized stigma partly mediated these associations, and that the magnitude of the associations (particularly those involving self-shame and anticipated shame) was often greater in men and sexual minorities. The results add to our understanding of the role of gender and sexuality in the experience, internalization, and psychological impact of SV-related stigma on survivors. The results also highlight the need for societal shifts toward acknowledging and validating experiences of SV in men and sexual minorities, alongside women, and the development of intersectionality-informed interventions for SV stigma in survivors.

中文翻译：

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性别和性行为在性受害耻辱的经历、内化和心理健康相关性中的作用


与性受害（SV）相关的耻辱会增加幸存者的心理负担。我们比较了 SV 的经历和幸存者性别和性倾向的 SV 耻辱，并评估了这种耻辱的公共和内化来源与其心理功能的相关性。一项在线调查，包含 SV 类型（性骚扰和性侵犯）、公共 SV 耻辱、内在 SV 耻辱（自责、自羞、预期羞耻）和心理功能（抑郁、焦虑、压力和创伤后）的测量应激障碍 [PTSD] 症状学）由 877 名女性和 211 名男性年龄 18 至 66 岁（M = 30.2，SD = 8.06）完成，其中 73.9% 是异性恋，26.1% 被确定为性少数群体（同性吸引） 、双性恋、泛性恋或无性恋）。性骚扰和性侵犯在女性和性少数男性中更为普遍。以年龄和 SV 频率作为协变量的协方差分析 (ANCOVA) 也显示，性少数男性的心理功能较差，性少数女性和男性的 SV 耻辱程度较高。多群体路径分析进一步表明，暴露于公共耻辱与较差的心理功能有关，内化的耻辱在一定程度上介导了这些关联，而且这种关联的程度（特别是那些涉及自我羞耻和预期羞耻的关联）在男性和性群体中往往更大。少数民族。这些结果加深了我们对性别和性行为在与 SV 相关的耻辱对幸存者的体验、内化和心理影响中的作用的理解。 研究结果还强调，社会需要与女性一起承认和验证男性和性少数群体的 SV 经历，并针对幸存者中的 SV 耻辱制定交叉性干预措施。