This article presents a multi-antenna RF energy harvester (MARFEH) with leakage suppression to achieve high output power and avoid the effects of interference and blind spots in the room, and all the RF rectifiers share only one buffering capacitor to achieve low cost. The proposed leakage-suppressed rectifier utilizing adaptive $V_{\mathrm {TH}}$ compensation (AVC) and an RF switch can achieve self-turned-off operation to prevent power leakage due to power imbalance among all the parallel-connected rectifiers. The RF harvester also exhibits maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and a 1.8-V regulated output through a boost dc–dc converter. The MPPT is realized by an optimized on-chip perturb and observe (P&O) controller and achieves sub- $\mu \text{W}$ system control power consumption. Meanwhile, MPPT is used to estimate the RF input power to drive the AVC circuit to improve rectifier efficiency and assist in leakage suppression. The chip prototype was designed in a 180-nm CMOS process and occupies an area of 0.89 mm2. Using a single antenna with AVC and MPPT enabled, the proposed harvester achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 37% and 38% at an input power of −10 and +4 dBm, respectively. The measured peak PCE is 44% at −0.3 dBm. Wireless tests show that the peak output power at different test conditions is significantly improved when the number of antennas increases from 1 to 2 and to 3. Furthermore, an accurate rectifier model is presented to significantly shorten the system simulation time of the rectifier-dc–dc two-stage topology.

中文翻译：

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具有泄漏抑制功能的高效低成本多天线能量收集系统


本文提出了一种具有泄漏抑制功能的多天线射频能量收集器（MARFEH），以实现高输出功率并避免房间内干扰和盲点的影响，并且所有射频整流器仅共享一个缓冲电容器以实现低成本。所提出的漏电抑制整流器利用自适应$V_{\mathrm {TH}}$补偿（AVC）和射频开关可以实现自关断操作，以防止由于所有并联整流器之间的功率不平衡而导致的功率泄漏。该射频采集器还具有最大功率点跟踪 (MPPT) 功能以及通过升压 DC-DC 转换器提供的 1.8V 稳压输出。 MPPT 通过优化的片上扰动和观察 (P&O) 控制器实现，并实现子$\mu \文本{W}$系统控制功耗。同时，MPPT用于估计RF输入功率以驱动AVC电路，以提高整流器效率并辅助漏电抑制。该芯片原型采用180 nm CMOS工艺设计，面积为0.89 mm2。使用启用 AVC 和 MPPT 的单个天线，所提出的采集器在输入功率为 −10 和 +4 dBm 时分别实现约 37% 和 38% 的功率转换效率 (PCE)。 -0.3 dBm 时测得的峰值 PCE 为 44%。无线测试表明，当天线数量从1个增加到2个和3个时，不同测试条件下的峰值输出功率显着提高。此外，提出了精确的整流器模型，显着缩短了整流器-dc-的系统仿真时间。直流两级拓扑。