新兴增塑剂的全球环境和毒理学数据：当前知识、令人遗憾的替代困境、绿色解决方案和未来前景,Green Chemistry

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新兴增塑剂的全球环境和毒理学数据：当前知识、令人遗憾的替代困境、绿色解决方案和未来前景
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 , DOI: 10.1039/d3gc03428c
Abdul Qadeer _{1,

2,

3} , Muhammad Anis _{1,

2} , Genoa R. Warner ₄ , Courtney Potts ₄ , Georgios Giovanoulis _{5,

6} , Samia Nasr ₇ , Denisse Archundia ₈ , Qinghuan Zhang ₁ , Zeeshan Ajmal _{2,

9} , Anthony C. Tweedale ₁₀ , Wang Kun ₁ , Pengfei Wang ₁ , Ren Haoyu ₁ , Xia Jiang ₁ , Wang Shuhang ₁

Affiliation

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
Alpha Planet Institute, Global Environmental and Climate Lab, Beijing, China
O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE-100 31, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Environmental science, University of Thessaly, Geopolis, 41500, Larisa, Greece
Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
Institute of Geology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
College of Chemistry and Material Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
R.I.S.K. Consultancy (Rebutting Industry Science with Knowledge), Brussels, Belgium

全球增塑剂市场预计将从 2022 年的 170 亿美元增长到 2027 年的 225 亿美元。在几种邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂因其有害影响而被禁止后，各种新兴/替代增塑剂进入市场。然而，关于新兴增塑剂的毒性和环境影响的数据（尤其是经过同行评审的数据）有限。本综述汇集了有关新兴增塑剂的毒性、暴露、环境影响和安全生产的可用数据。它确定了科学研究中的差距，并提供了证据表明新兴增塑剂是令人遗憾的替代品的潜在案例。几种替代增塑剂，如乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯（ATBC）、环己烷-1,2二甲酸二异壬酯（DINCH）、磷酸三-2-乙基己酯（TEHP）、磷酸三甲苯酯（TCP）、磷酸三-2-乙基己酯（TPHP）、对苯二甲酸双-2-乙基己酯 (DEHT) 和偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯 (TOTM) 显示出潜在的内分泌干扰特性和其他毒性特性。一些化学品，如己二酸双-2-乙基己酯 (DEHA)、己二酸二异丁酯 (DIBA)、ATBC、DINCH、癸二酸双-2-乙基己酯 (DOS)、二苯甲酸二甘醇酯 (DEGDB)、DEHT 和磷酸酯显示出可能导致对水生物种的毒性。另外，关于己二酸二异壬酯 (DINA)、己二酸二丁酯 (DBA)、己二酸二异癸酯 (DIDA)、二苯甲酸二丙二醇酯 (DPGDB)、癸二酸二丁酯 (DBS)、烷基磺酸苯酯 (ASE)、三甲基苯磺酸三甲酯等化合物的信息非常缺乏。二异丁酸戊酯 (TXIB)、DEGDB 和癸二酸双-2-乙基己酯 (DOS)。一些化合物，如环氧化大豆油 (ESBO)、蓖麻油单氢化乙酸酯 (COMGHA) 和三乙酸甘油酯 (GTA) 可能更安全或毒性较小。替代增塑剂，例如己二酸酯 (log K _ow 4.3–10.1)、环己烷二羧酸 (log K _ow 10)、磷酸酯 (log K _ow 2.7–9.5)、癸二酸酯 (log K _ow 6.3–10.1)、对苯二甲酸酯 (log K _ow) 8.4) 和植物油衍生物 (log K _ow 6.4–14.8) 的 log K _ow值与邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂 (log K _ow7.5–10.4），表明潜在的生物累积和健康后果。现场研究表明磷酸酯可以进行生物蓄积和生物放大，但缺乏其他化合物的生物蓄积研究。我们还讨论了新兴增塑剂的新陈代谢，尽管数据有限。我们的文章强调，许多替代化合物显示出潜在的健康和生态风险，表明它们可能不适合传统增塑剂的替代品。大多数新兴增塑剂也缺乏科学数据。通过这种方式，我们呼吁加强研究并及时采取监管行动，以防止全球污染和健康风险。最后，这项研究提出了一个科学可靠的方案，以避免有害替代并确保生产更安全的化学品。

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Global environmental and toxicological data of emerging plasticizers: current knowledge, regrettable substitution dilemma, green solution and future perspectives

The global plasticizer market is projected to increase from $17 billion in 2022 to $22.5 billion in 2027. Various emerging/alternative plasticizers entered the market following the ban on several phthalate plasticizers because of their harmful effects. However, there are limited data (especially peer-reviewed) on emerging plasticizers’ toxicity and environmental impact. This review compiles available data on toxicity, exposure, environmental effects, and safe production of emerging plasticizers. It identifies gaps in scientific research and provides evidence that emerging plasticizers are potential cases of regrettable substitution. Several alternative plasticizers, such as acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), diisononyl cyclohexane-1,2 dicarboxylate (DINCH), tris-2-ethylhexyl phosphate (TEHP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), tris-2-ethylhexyl phosphate (TPHP), bis-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT), and tris-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate (TOTM), show potential endocrine-disrupting properties and other toxic characteristics. Some chemicals like bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA), diisobutyl adipate (DIBA), ATBC, DINCH, bis-2-ethylhexyl sebacate (DOS), diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DEGDB), DEHT, and phosphate esters showed the potential to cause toxicity in aquatic species. Plus, there is great lack of information on compounds like diisononyl adipate (DINA), dibutyl adipate (DBA), diisodecyl adipate (DIDA), dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (DPGDB), dibutyl sebacate (DBS), alkylsulfonic phenyl ester (ASE), trimethyl pentanyl diisobutyrate (TXIB), DEGDB and bis-2-ethylhexyl sebacate (DOS). Some compounds like epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), castor-oil-mono-hydrogenated acetate (COMGHA), and glycerin triacetate (GTA) are potentially safer or less toxic. Alternative plasticizers such as adipates (log K_ow 4.3–10.1), cyclohexane dicarboxylic acids (log K_ow 10), phosphate esters (log K_ow 2.7–9.5), sebacates (log K_ow 6.3–10.1), terephthalates (log K_ow 8.4), and vegetable oil derivatives (log K_ow 6.4–14.8) have log K_ow values that are comparable to phthalate plasticizers (log K_ow 7.5–10.4), indicating potential bioaccumulation and health consequences. Field studies have demonstrated that phosphate esters can undergo bioaccumulation and biomagnification, but there is a lack of bioaccumulation studies for other compounds. We also discuss the metabolism of emerging plasticizers, though data are limited. Our article highlights that numerous alternative compounds display potential health and ecological risks, indicating they might not be suitable substitutes for legacy plasticizers. There is also a lack of scientific data on most emerging plasticizers. This way, we call for increased research and timely regulatory action to prevent global contamination and health risks. Finally, this study presents a scientifically robust protocol to avoid harmful substitutions and ensure the production of safer chemicals.

更新日期：2024-04-16

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