Background

Dementia is a progressive neurological disorder which is clinically characterized by memory loss, behavioral symptoms, and loss of ability to live a normal life. Dementia patients may have to cope with permanent and irreversible symptoms.

Purpose of Review

Although a new drug for dementia with beta-amyloid-removal function has recently received FDA approval, the effect of delaying the progression of dementia is still insignificant, but the cost is expensive. On the other hand, studies on the effects of exercise in dementia have implied that the incidence of dementia or cognitive decline could be efficiently controlled by exercise.

Recent Findings

The cognitive neuroprotective effect of exercise was supported by cross-sectional studies in which physically fit seniors showed larger hippocampal or gray matter volumes than unfit seniors. In addition, multiple animal studies demonstrate that exercise promotes neuroplasticity through induction of neurotropic factors, with improved outcomes on cognitive functions.

Conclusion

In this review, we discuss the effects of conventional mode of physical exercise, cognitive (neuromuscular) exercise, and combined exercise in the prevention of dementia, and highlight the prospects for new exercise programs using digital technology that are being recently developed to reduce cognitive decline. Exercise should be importantly considered as a non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy for cognitive decline and dementia.

中文翻译：

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锻炼对痴呆症的新认识；身体和认知锻炼的综合效应

背景

痴呆症是一种进行性神经系统疾病，其临床特征是记忆丧失、行为症状和正常生活能力丧失。痴呆症患者可能必须应对永久性且不可逆转的症状。

审查目的

虽然一款具有去除β-淀粉样蛋白功能的痴呆症新药最近获得FDA批准，但延缓痴呆症进展的效果仍然微不足道，而且费用昂贵。另一方面，关于运动对痴呆症影响的研究表明，运动可以有效控制痴呆症或认知能力下降的发病率。

最近的发现

运动的认知神经保护作用得到了横断面研究的支持，在这些研究中，身体健康的老年人比不健康的老年人表现出更大的海马或灰质体积。此外，多项动物研究表明，运动通过诱导神经营养因子促进神经可塑性，从而改善认知功能。

结论

在这篇综述中，我们讨论了传统的体育锻炼、认知（神经肌肉）锻炼和组合锻炼在预防痴呆症方面的效果，并强调了利用最近开发的数字技术来减少认知能力下降的新锻炼计划的前景。运动应被视为认知能力下降和痴呆的非药物治疗策略。