The increasing global demand for marine resources raises concerns about sustainable resource management and biodiversity conservation. Spatial closures, such as marine protected areas, can be valuable tools for maintaining and restoring exploited populations. When these spatial closures adopt a dynamic nature being adapted to the changing environment, they can effectively account for factors such as shifting species distributions, which enhances their potential to achieve ecological and socio‐economic objectives. Here, we adapted a decision‐support tool (the software Marxan), typically used for selecting static and permanent areas, to produce management recommendations that integrate permanent and temporal closures to fisheries. Our aim was to compare the outputs of a static network of permanent no‐take reserves with four other dynamic scenarios, including permanent and temporal closures that account for seasonal variations in the populations of species. All scenarios prioritized sites for the conservation of one of the most valuable European fishing stocks, the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Additionally, we considered 12 other commercially exploited species captured by the Norway lobster fishery. The assessed outputs included retained biomass, area extent, closure type (permanent and seasonal) and opportunity costs within each scenario. We observed that all dynamic scenarios required fewer management areas permanently closed than the static scenario. This resulted in a lower opportunity cost for fisheries but also a higher capacity for biodiversity conservation. Therefore, complementing permanent with temporal closures could enhance biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. The novel dynamic planning method presented here could be applicable to other species, ecosystems and socio‐economic contexts.

中文翻译：

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动态海洋空间规划以实现保护和渔业效益

全球对海洋资源日益增长的需求引起了人们对可持续资源管理和生物多样性保护的担忧。空间封闭，例如海洋保护区，可以成为维持和恢复受剥削人口的宝贵工具。当这些空间封闭具有适应不断变化的环境的动态性质时，它们可以有效地解释诸如物种分布变化等因素，从而增强其实现生态和社会经济目标的潜力。在这里，我们采用了一种决策支持工具（Marxan 软件），通常用于选择静态和永久区域，以产生将永久和暂时禁渔结合起来的管理建议。我们的目的是将永久禁捕保护区静态网络的输出与其他四种动态场景进行比较，包括考虑物种种群季节性变化的永久和暂时关闭。所有情景都优先考虑保护欧洲最有价值的渔业资源之一挪威龙虾的地点（挪威肾猪）。此外，我们还考虑了挪威龙虾渔业捕获的其他 12 种商业开发物种。评估的产出包括每种情景下的保留生物量、面积范围、关闭类型（永久和季节性）和机会成本。我们观察到，与静态场景相比，所有动态场景需要永久关闭的管理区域更少。这降低了渔业的机会成本，同时提高了生物多样性保护的能力。因此，用暂时关闭来补充永久性关闭可以加强生物多样性保护和渔业管理。这里提出的新颖的动态规划方法可以适用于其他物种、生态系统和社会经济背景。