Different components of emotional responding may be affected by using specific emotion regulation strategies that enable children's volitional self‐regulation. This study examined the affective, cognitive, and physiological effects of experimentally instructing children to deploy distraction or reappraisal to regulate negative emotion during an evocative film clip. One‐hundred eighty‐four 4‐ to 11‐year‐old children [M = 7.66 years; SD = 2.33 years; 94 girls; mixed race (36%), Latino/Latina (30%), European American (19%), African American (11%), Asian American (2%), or other (2%)] participated. Neither strategy affected observed distress or self‐reported negative emotion. Relative to a control condition, children instructed to use reappraisal reported attenuated rumination. Distraction also predicted attenuated rumination, as well as a pattern of parasympathetic reactivity indicative of disengagement that correlated with parents' reported use of minimizing and punitive emotion socialization practices. Findings underscore the utility of multi‐method approaches that examine parasympathetic activity in conjunction with volitional measures of self‐regulation.

中文翻译：

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在儿童时期实施以前因为中心的情绪调节策略对情感、认知和生理的影响

使用特定的情绪调节策略可能会影响情绪反应的不同组成部分，从而实现儿童的意志自我调节。这项研究考察了通过实验指导儿童在观看令人回味的电影片段时分散注意力或重新评估来调节负面情绪的情感、认知和生理效果。 184 名 4 至 11 岁儿童 [中号= 7.66 年；标清= 2.33 年； 94 女孩；混血儿（36%）、拉丁裔/拉丁裔（30%）、欧洲裔美国人（19%）、非裔美国人（11%）、亚裔美国人（2%）或其他（2%）]参与。这两种策略都不会影响观察到的痛苦或自我报告的负面情绪。相对于对照条件，被指示使用重新评估的儿童报告的沉思减弱。分心还预示着沉思的减弱，以及表明脱离接触的副交感神经反应模式，这与父母报告的最小化和惩罚性情绪社交实践的使用相关。研究结果强调了多种方法的实用性，这些方法可以结合自我调节的意志措施来检查副交感神经活动。