Nearly three decades since the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, federal cash assistance to families in poverty in the United States has entered political discourse once more with the Biden Administration's introduction of the American Families Plan. At the heart of this discussion are theories of change that derive from the family and developmental sciences. As a result, scientists in these fields have a duty to understand the history of the last reform and the consequences it has since had for children in poverty. In this paper, I review the history of perspectives toward government social assistance programs, as well as extant research demonstrating the mechanisms through which maternal employment and federal cash assistance impact child wellbeing. Lastly, I propose a conceptual framework for understanding the influence of family‐based social assistance programs and parenting on child wellbeing to guide future research.

中文翻译：

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基于家庭的社会援助计划和养育对儿童发展的影响：美国贫困家庭研究的概念框架


自 1996 年《个人责任和工作机会和解法案》通过近三十年后，随着拜登政府推出美国家庭计划，对美国贫困家庭的联邦现金援助再次进入政治话语。这次讨论的核心是源自家庭和发展科学的变革理论。因此，这些领域的科学家有责任了解上一次改革的历史以及此后对贫困儿童的影响。在本文中，我回顾了对政府社会援助计划的看法的历史，以及证明孕产妇就业和联邦现金援助影响儿童福祉的机制的现有研究。最后，我提出了一个概念框架，用于理解基于家庭的社会援助计划和养育对儿童福祉的影响，以指导未来的研究。