What happens after border externalization? States and regional organizations of the Global North increasingly engage in transnational migration management that seeks to prevent potential irregular migration beyond their territory. Despite the impressive financial and political resources the involved actors mobilize to reach this goal, little is known about the effects of this strategy on their target states and populations. This paper conceptualizes border externalization as a spatial intervention that absorbs contingent migrant flows into an interplay of capital and race. It argues that the immobilization and differential integration produced through externalization can serve as a spatial fix for labor shortages in transit “migration” states. This differential integration disempowers the targeted migrant population and aggravates racial antagonisms. Hence, border externalization is not just a (by-)product of racist ideology and policy, but also intensifies racial hierarchies in the space it intervenes into. The paper studies this through the case of the “EU-Turkey Deal” and Turkey’s Syrian refugee population, building on document analysis and primary interview data with industry representatives, farmers, NGO workers, and government officials. On a theoretical level, the paper thereby contributes to the recent trend that reinserts the border into global processes of racialized capital accumulation.

中文翻译：

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过境修复——边境外部化以及过境“移民”状态下资本与种族的相互作用

边界外部化后会发生什么？北半球国家和区域组织越来越多地参与跨国移民管理，旨在防止潜在的非正常移民越过其领土。尽管相关行动者动员了令人印象深刻的财政和政治资源来实现这一目标，但人们对这一战略对其目标国家和人口的影响知之甚少。本文将边界外部化概念化为一种空间干预，将偶然的移民流动吸收到资本和种族的相互作用中。它认为，通过外部化产生的固定化和差异化一体化可以作为过境“移民”国家劳动力短缺的空间解决方案。这种差异化的融合剥夺了目标移民人口的权力，并加剧了种族对立。因此，边界外化不仅是种族主义意识形态和政策的（副）产品，而且还加剧了它所介入的空间中的种族等级制度。本文以文件分析和对行业代表、农民、非政府组织工作人员和政府官员的初步访谈数据为基础，通过“欧盟-土耳其协议”和土耳其叙利亚难民人口的案例对此进行了研究。因此，在理论层面上，本文对近期将边界重新插入全球种族化资本积累过程的趋势做出了贡献。