Can brief training on novel grammatical morphemes influence visual processing of nonlinguistic stimuli? If so, how deep is this effect? Here, an experimental group learned two novel morphemes highlighting the familiar concept of transitivity in sentences; a control group was exposed to the same input but with the novel morphemes used interchangeably. Subsequently, both groups performed two visual oddball tasks with nonlinguistic motion events. In the first (attentional) oddball task, relative to the control group, the experimental group showed decreased attention (P300) to infrequent changes in the morpheme‐irrelevant dimension (shape) but not the morpheme‐relevant dimension (motion transitivity); in the second (preattentive) oddball task, they showed enhanced preattentive responses (N1/visual mismatch negativity) to infrequent changes in motion transitivity but not shape. Our findings show that increasing attention to preexisting concepts in sentences through brief training on novel grammatical morphemes can influence both attentional and preattentive visual processing.

中文翻译：

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通过新语法词素的简短训练诱导注意力和前注意力视觉处理的转变：一项与事件相关的电位研究

对新语法语素的简短训练会影响非语言刺激的视觉处理吗？如果是这样，这种影响有多深？在这里，实验组学习了两个新颖的语素，突出了句子中熟悉的及物性概念；对照组接受相同的输入，但新词素可互换使用。随后，两组都执行了两项带有非语言运动事件的视觉奇怪任务。在第一个（注意）奇怪的任务中，相对于对照组，实验组对词素无关维度（形状）的不频繁变化表现出注意力下降（P300），但对词素相关维度（运动及物性）则不然；在第二个（前注意的）奇怪任务中，他们对运动及物性的不频繁变化表现出增强的前注意反应（N1/视觉失配负性），但对形状的变化却没有。我们的研究结果表明，通过对新语法语素的简短训练来增加对句子中预先存在的概念的关注可以影响注意和前注意视觉处理。