Carrageenan, the major carbohydrate component of some red algae, is an important renewable bioresource with very large annual outputs. Different types of carrageenolytic enzymes in the carrageenan metabolic pathway are potentially valuable for the production of carrageenan oligosaccharides, biofuel, and other chemicals obtained from carrageenan. However, these enzymes are not well-developed for oligosaccharide or biofuel production. For further application, comprehensive knowledge of carrageenolytic enzymes is essential. Therefore, in this review, we first summarize various carrageenolytic enzymes, including the recently discovered β-carrageenase, carrageenan-specific sulfatase, -α-3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidase (D-ADAGase), and exo-β-galactosidase (BGase), and describe their enzymatic characteristics. Subsequently, the carrageenan metabolic pathways are systematically presented and applications of carrageenases and carrageenan oligosaccharides are illustrated with examples. Finally, this paper discusses critical aspects that can aid researchers in constructing cascade catalytic systems and engineered microorganisms to efficiently produce carrageenan oligosaccharides or other value-added chemicals through the degradation of carrageenan. Overall, this paper offers a comprehensive overview of carrageenolytic enzymes, providing valuable insights for further exploration and application of these enzymes.

中文翻译：

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角叉菜烯分解酶的系统综述：从代谢途径到生物技术应用


卡拉胶是一些红藻的主要碳水化合物成分，是一种重要的可再生生物资源，年产量非常大。卡拉胶代谢途径中不同类型的卡拉胶分解酶对于生产卡拉胶寡糖、生物燃料和从卡拉胶获得的其他化学品具有潜在价值。然而，这些酶尚未充分开发用于寡糖或生物燃料生产。为了进一步应用，对角叉菜烯分解酶的全面了解是必不可少的。因此，在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了各种卡拉胶分解酶，包括最近发现的β-卡拉胶酶、卡拉胶特异性硫酸酯酶、-α-3,6-脱水-D-半乳糖苷酶（D-ADAGase）和外切-β-半乳糖苷酶（BGase），并描述它们的酶学特征。随后系统地介绍了卡拉胶的代谢途径，并举例说明了卡拉胶酶和卡拉胶寡糖的应用。最后，本文讨论了可以帮助研究人员构建级联催化系统和工程微生物以通过卡拉胶降解有效生产卡拉胶寡糖或其他增值化学品的关键方面。总的来说，本文对角叉菜烯分解酶进行了全面的概述，为进一步探索和应用这些酶提供了宝贵的见解。