Nitrilases represent a distinct class of enzymes that play a pivotal role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of nitrile compounds, leading to the formation of corresponding carboxylic acids. These enzymatic entities have garnered significant attention across a spectrum of industries, encompassing pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. Moreover, their significance has been accentuated by mounting environmental pressures, propelling them into the forefront of biodegradation and bioremediation endeavors. Nevertheless, the natural nitrilases exhibit intrinsic limitations such as low thermal stability, narrow substrate selectivity, and inadaptability to varying environmental conditions. In the past decade, substantial efforts have been made in elucidating the structural underpinnings and catalytic mechanisms of nitrilase, providing basis for engineering of nitrilases. Significant breakthroughs have been made in the regulation of nitrilases with ideal catalytic properties and application of the enzymes for industrial productions. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive discourse and summary of recent research advancements related to nitrilases, with a particular emphasis on the elucidation of the structural attributes, catalytic mechanisms, catalytic characteristics, and strategies for improving catalytic performance of nitrilases. Moreover, the exploration extends to the domain of process engineering and the multifarious applications of nitrilases. Furthermore, the future development trend of nitrilases is prospected, providing important guidance for research and application in the related fields.

中文翻译：

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最大限度地发挥腈水解酶的潜力：揭示其多样性、催化能力和多功能应用


腈水解酶代表一类独特的酶，在催化腈化合物水解、导致相应羧酸的形成中发挥关键作用。这些酶实体引起了制药、农用化学品和精细化学品等一系列行业的广泛关注。此外，日益增加的环境压力凸显了它们的重要性，将它们推向生物降解和生物修复工作的最前沿。然而，天然腈水解酶表现出固有的局限性，例如热稳定性低、底物选择性窄以及不适应不同的环境条件。在过去的十年中，人们在阐明腈水解酶的结构基础和催化机制方面做出了巨大的努力，为腈水解酶的工程化提供了基础。在具有理想催化性能的腈水解酶调控及其工业化应用方面取得了重大突破。本综述致力于对腈水解酶相关的最新研究进展进行全面的论述和总结，特别强调阐明腈水解酶的结构属性、催化机制、催化特性以及提高腈水解酶催化性能的策略。此外，探索延伸到过程工程领域和腈水解酶的多种应用。并对腈水解酶的未来发展趋势进行了展望，为相关领域的研究和应用提供重要指导。