Inhibiting the shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides (LiPSs) is critical to lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Nevertheless, the conventional separator fails to block immigration of LiPSs between electrodes. Herein, the enriched oxygen vacancies were stabilized with ruthenium doping on niobium oxide/three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide nanosphere (NbO/Ru-3DG) to prepare a functional separator layer for LiPSs diffusion prevention. The inhibition mechanism is unraveled by density functional theoretical calculations and experimental results. Li–S batteries with NbO/Ru-3DG-based separator displayed an excellent capacity of 700.3 mAh g with a long-term stability of 1000 cycles and a high rate-performance of 533.2 mAh g at 8 C. An industrial-level pouch cell delivered an outstanding specific capacity of 925.8 mAh g with an exceptional flexibility. This study could open a new strategy to design materials with controlled defects and doping for LiPSs immobilization, enhanced catalytic activities for redox reaction, and other catalysts for energy conversion and storage devices.

中文翻译：

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空心石墨烯球上掺钌氧化铌的富集空位作为锂硫电池硫还原反应促进剂

抑制可溶性多硫化物（LiPS）的穿梭效应对于锂硫（Li-S）电池至关重要。然而，传统的隔膜无法阻止 LiPS 在电极之间的迁移。在此，通过在氧化铌/三维还原氧化石墨烯纳米球（NbO/Ru-3DG）上掺杂钌来稳定富集的氧空位，以制备用于防止LiPS扩散的功能隔离层。通过密度泛函理论计算和实验结果揭示了抑制机制。采用 NbO/Ru-3DG 隔膜的锂硫电池表现出 700.3 mAh g 的优异容量、1000 次循环的长期稳定性以及 8 C 下 533.2 mAh g 的高倍率性能。工业级软包电池提供了 925.8 mAh g 的出色比容量以及卓越的灵活性。这项研究可以开辟一种新策略，设计用于 LiPS 固定的缺陷和掺杂受控的材料、增强氧化还原反应的催化活性以及用于能量转换和存储装置的其他催化剂。