The research examined the impact of adding potassium diformate (KDF) and sodium diformate (NDF) to the diet of Siberian sturgeon () and how it influenced their antioxidant levels and immune responses. The fish ( = 315; 17.85 ± 0.2 g initial weight) were fed with seven diets for 56 days, including a control group (unsupplemented diet) and groups with varying levels of KDF (0.15, 0.3, and 0.5%) and NDF (0.15, 0.3, and 0.5%). After the feeding trial, the groups that consumed KDF or NDF demonstrated a dose-responsive elevation in serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels, along with an overall increase in total antioxidant capacity compared to the control group ( < 0.05). These groups also had lower malondialdehyde levels ( < 0.05) and improved immune functions, including higher levels of immunoglobulin M, total protein, albumin, globulin, the activities of lysozyme, respiratory burst, and alternative complement ( < 0.05). Also, the serum bactericidal activity experienced a significant increase (maximum in 0.5% NDF treatment) in the groups subjected to experimental feeding compared to the control group ( < 0.05). The transcription levels of interleukin-1 beta (), interleukin 8 ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (), high mobility group box 1 (), and high mobility group box 2 () genes in the head kidney were significantly upregulated in fish fed with different doses of KDF or NDF compared to the control group ( < 0.05). The most significant upregulation was observed in the group that received 0.5% NDF. Moreover, the experimental groups demonstrated a lower cumulative mortality rate of the fish following exposure to AB005 infection compared to the control group ( < 0.05), with the lowest mortality rate observed in the 0.5% NDF or KDF group. Overall, the results suggest that dietary KDF or NDF, especially 0.5% NDF, are promising as environmentally friendly options and sustainable immunostimulants in Siberian sturgeon aquaculture.

中文翻译：

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二甲酸钾和二甲酸钠对鲟鱼体液免疫和抗氧化能力的免疫调节作用：细胞因子和高迁移率族蛋白基因诱导


该研究调查了在西伯利亚鲟的饮食中添加二甲酸钾 (KDF) 和二甲酸钠 (NDF) 的影响，以及它如何影响其抗氧化水平和免疫反应。这些鱼（= 315；初始重量 17.85 ± 0.2 克）接受 7 种饲料喂养 56 天，其中包括对照组（未补充饲料）以及不同水平 KDF（0.15、0.3 和 0.5%）和 NDF（0.15）的组。 、0.3 和 0.5%）。喂养试验后，与对照组相比，食用 KDF 或 NDF 的组表现出血清超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平的剂量反应性升高，以及总抗氧化能力的总体增加（<0.05）。这些组的丙二醛水平较低 (< 0.05)，免疫功能有所改善，包括免疫球蛋白 M、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、溶菌酶活性、呼吸爆发和替代补体水平较高 (< 0.05)。此外，与对照组相比，实验喂养组的血清杀菌活性显着增加（0.5% NDF 处理时达到最大值）（< 0.05）。头肾中白细胞介素 1 β ()、白细胞介素 8 )、肿瘤坏死因子 α ()、高迁移率族盒 1 () 和高迁移率族盒 2 () 基因的转录水平在喂食的鱼中显着上调与对照组相比，使用不同剂量的 KDF 或 NDF (<0.05)。在接受 0.5% NDF 的组中观察到最显着的上调。此外，与对照组相比，实验组暴露于 AB005 感染后的鱼的累积死亡率较低（<0.05），其中 0.5% NDF 或 KDF 组的死亡率最低。 总体而言，结果表明日粮 KDF 或 NDF，尤其是 0.5% NDF，有望成为西伯利亚鲟水产养殖中的环境友好型选择和可持续免疫刺激剂。