The latex of Euphorbia peplus and its major component 20-deoxyingenol-3-angelate (DI3A) displayed significant nematicidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans and Panagrellus redivivus. DI3A treatment inhibited the growth and development of nematodes and caused significantly negative effects on locomotion behavior, reproduction, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Transcriptome analysis indicated that differential expression genes in DI3A-treated C. elegans were mainly associated with the metabolism, growth, and development process, which were further confirmed by RT-qPCR experiments. The expression level of TPA-1 gene encoding a protein kinase C isotype was obviously upregulated by DI3A treatment, and knockdown of TPA-1 by RNAi technology in the nematode could relieve the growth-inhibitory effect of DI3A. Metabolic analysis indicated that DI3A was hardly metabolized by C. elegans, but a glycosylated indole derivative was specifically accumulated likely due to the activation of detoxification. Overall, our findings suggested that DI3A from E. peplus latex exerted a potent nematicidal effect through the gene TPA-1, which provides a potential target for the control of nematodes and also suggests the potential application value of E. peplus latex and DI3A as botanical nematicides.

中文翻译：

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大戟乳胶 20-Deoxyingenol-3-angelate 通过蛋白激酶 C 同型 TPA-1 的杀线虫活性

大戟的乳胶及其主要成分 20-脱氧丁香酚-3-当归酸酯 (DI3A) 对秀丽隐杆线虫和红线虫表现出显着的杀线虫活性。 DI3A处理抑制线虫的生长和发育，并对运动行为、繁殖和活性氧积累产生显着的负面影响。转录组分析表明，DI3A处理的线虫中差异表达基因主要与代谢、生长发育过程相关，RT-qPCR实验进一步证实了这一点。 DI3A处理后编码蛋白激酶C同种型的TPA-1基因的表达水平明显上调，通过RNAi技术敲低线虫中的TPA-1可以减轻DI3A的生长抑制作用。代谢分析表明，DI3A几乎不被线虫代谢，但糖基化吲哚衍生物可能由于解毒激活而特异性积累。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，来自E. peplus乳胶的 DI3A 通过基因TPA-1发挥了有效的杀线虫作用，这为控制线虫提供了潜在的靶标，也表明了E. peplus乳胶和 DI3A 作为植物药的潜在应用价值。杀线虫剂。