Abstract. Over the last decades and due to the current climate change situation, the study of the impacts of human activities on climate has reached great importance, being agriculture one of the main sources of soil greenhouse gas. There are different techniques to quantify the soil gas fluxes, such as micrometeorological techniques or chamber techniques, being the last one capable to assess different treatment at the same site. Manual chambers are the most common one. However, due to the low sampling frequency, this approach cannot resolve short-term emission events, like fertilization or rewetting. For this reason, automated chamber systems are an opportunity to improve soil gas flux determination, but their distribution is still scarce due to the cost and challenging technical implementation. The objective of this study was to develop an automated chamber system for agricultural systems under Mediterranean conditions and compare measured GHG flux rates to those derived using manual chambers. A comparison between manual and automated chamber systems was conducted to evaluate the soil gas fluxes obtained by the automated system. Moreover, over a period of one month the soil gas fluxes were determined by both systems to compare their capabilities to capture the temporal variability of soil gas emissions. The automated system reported higher soil GHG fluxes compared to the manual chamber system. Additionally, the higher sampling frequency of the automated chamber system allowed for the capture of daily flux variations, resulting in a more accurate estimation of cumulative soil gas emissions. The study emphasises the importance of chamber dimension and shape, as well as sampling frequency, in the development of chamber systems, especially when using the manual chamber system.

中文翻译：

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使用灵活、开放式设计的自动化系统测量农业土壤中的温室气体通量

摘要。过去几十年来，由于当前的气候变化形势，人类活动对气候影响的研究变得非常重要，农业是土壤温室气体的主要来源之一。有不同的技术可以量化土壤气体通量，例如微气象技术或室技术，是最后一种能够评估同一地点不同处理的技术。手动室是最常见的一种。然而，由于采样频率低，这种方法无法解决短期排放事件，例如施肥或再润湿。因此，自动化室系统是改善土壤气体通量测定的一个机会，但由于成本和具有挑战性的技术实施，它们的分布仍然稀缺。本研究的目的是为地中海条件下的农业系统开发一种自动化室系统，并将测量的温室气体通量率与使用手动室得出的温室气体通量率进行比较。对手动和自动室系统进行比较，以评估自动系统获得的土壤气体通量。此外，在一个月的时间内，两个系统都测定了土壤气体通量，以比较它们捕获土壤气体排放随时间变化的能力。与手动室系统相比，自动化系统报告的土壤温室气体通量更高。此外，自动化室系统的采样频率较高，可以捕获每日通量变化，从而更准确地估计累积土壤气体排放量。该研究强调了腔室尺寸和形状以及采样频率在腔室系统开发中的重要性，特别是在使用手动腔室系统时。