Interfacial polymerization serves as a revolutionary technique to create polymer membranes such as polyamides, polyesters, and covalent organic frameworks, holding exceptional promise in numerous scenarios from liquid and gas separation to energy conversion and harvesting. Despite significant achievements, the fundamental principles of interfacial polymerization have been rarely discussed systemically, particularly from the perspective of thermodynamics, kinetics, and their combinations. This knowledge gap results in the lack of rational design and tailoring of interfacial polymerization. This review aims to revisit interfacial polymerization, integrating thermodynamics and kinetics to bridge the remained knowledge gap. We dissect the process into distinct physicochemical stages, including monomer dissolution, molecular diffusion, chemical reactions, and phase separation. Each stage is examined using thermodynamic and kinetic theories, underlining recent strides in refining process control. Furthermore, the review confronts the unresolved theoretical aspects of interfacial polymerization and the challenges inherent in mastering its controllability. We conclude by offering insights into how a controlled approach to interfacial polymerization could substantially transform the landscape of state-of-the-art polymer membranes.

中文翻译：

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管理界面聚合可控性的热力学和动力学理解

界面聚合是一种革命性的技术，可用于制造聚酰胺、聚酯和共价有机框架等聚合物膜，在从液体和气体分离到能量转换和收集的众多场景中具有非凡的前景。尽管取得了重大成就，但界面聚合的基本原理很少被系统地讨论，特别是从热力学、动力学及其组合的角度。这种知识差距导致界面聚合缺乏合理的设计和剪裁。本综述旨在重新审视界面聚合，整合热力学和动力学以弥补仍然存在的知识差距。我们将该过程分解为不同的物理化学阶段，包括单体溶解、分子扩散、化学反应和相分离。每个阶段都使用热力学和动力学理论进行检查，强调了炼油过程控制方面的最新进展。此外，该综述还面临着界面聚合尚未解决的理论问题以及掌握其可控性所固有的挑战。最后，我们深入探讨了界面聚合的受控方法如何能够显着改变最先进的聚合物膜的格局。