The link between music and emotion, as articulated from a cognitive perspective, assumes that music carries expressive cues that convey or induce emotional responses in listeners. Studies following this paradigm often investigate how responses converge or diverge among individuals, social groups, and cultures. However, results vary from one study to another, with few satisfactory explanations as to why. We contend that emotional responses to music are adaptable, arising from a conscious and subconscious continuous processing of the overarching situational context and its interaction with psychophysical, cultural, and personal variables. By integrating theory and data from multiple domains, we present the Framework for Adaptable Musical Emotions (FAME), which explains emotional responses to music through the mechanism of emotion adaptability on a continuum of evolutionary to fleeting time frames. FAME represents an advance on models of music and emotion that primarily focus on decoding emotional signals from the sounded music. FAME provides the first basis for predictions of emotional adaptability and situational context and may explain previously observed variability in emotional responses to music, guiding future research, and novel understandings.

中文翻译：

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对音乐的情绪反应：情绪适应性和情境背景的本质包含

从认知角度阐述音乐和情感之间的联系，假设音乐带有表达性线索，可以传达或诱发听众的情感反应。遵循这一范式的研究通常调查个人、社会群体和文化之间的反应如何趋同或分歧。然而，一项研究的结果各不相同，对其原因几乎没有令人满意的解释。我们认为，对音乐的情绪反应是适应性的，源于对总体情境背景及其与心理物理、文化和个人变量的相互作用的有意识和潜意识的持续处理。通过整合来自多个领域的理论和数据，我们提出了适应性音乐情感框架（FAME），它通过进化到转瞬即逝的时间框架的连续体上的情感适应性机制来解释对音乐的情感反应。 FAME 代表了音乐和情感模型的进步，主要侧重于从听起来的音乐中解码情感信号。 FAME 为预测情绪适应性和情境背景提供了第一个基础，并且可以解释之前观察到的对音乐的情绪反应的变化，指导未来的研究和新颖的理解。