We investigated 1-µm multimode fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes, where multiple typical pulse states were observed, including Q-switched, Q-switched mode-locked, and spatiotemporal mode-locked pulses. Particularly, stable spatiotemporal mode-locking was realized with a low threshold, where the pulse duration was 37 ps and the wavelength was centred at 1060.5 nm. Moreover, both the high signal to noise and long-term operation stability proved the reliability of the mode-locked laser. Furthermore, the evolution of the spatiotemporal mode-locked pulses in the cavity was also simulated and discussed. This work exhibits the flexible outputs of spatiotemporal phenomena in multimode lasers based on nanomaterials, providing more possibilities for the development of high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics.

我们研究了基于碳纳米管的 1 µm 多模光纤激光器，观察到了多种典型的脉冲状态，包括 Q 开关、Q 开关锁模和时空锁模脉冲。特别是，在低阈值下实现了稳定的时空锁模，其中脉冲持续时间为37 ps，波长中心为1060.5 nm。此外，高信噪比和长期运行稳定性证明了锁模激光器的可靠性。此外，还模拟和讨论了腔内时空锁模脉冲的演化。该工作展现了基于纳米材料的多模激光器时空现象的灵活输出，为高维非线性动力学的发展提供了更多可能性。