Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a promising, minimally invasive alternative to plasma glucose measurements for calibrating physiology-based mathematical models of insulin-regulated glucose metabolism, reducing the reliance on in-clinic measurements. However, the use of CGM glucose, particularly in combination with insulin measurements, to develop personalized models of glucose regulation remains unexplored. Here, we simultaneously measured interstitial glucose concentrations using CGM as well as plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals with overweight or obesity to calibrate personalized models of glucose-insulin dynamics. We compared the use of interstitial glucose with plasma glucose in model calibration, and evaluated the effects on model fit, identifiability, and model parameters’ association with clinically relevant metabolic indicators. Models calibrated on both plasma and interstitial glucose resulted in good model fit, and the parameter estimates associated with metabolic indicators such as insulin sensitivity measures in both cases. Moreover, practical identifiability of model parameters was improved in models estimated on CGM glucose compared to plasma glucose. Together these results suggest that CGM glucose may be considered as a minimally invasive alternative to plasma glucose measurements in model calibration to quantify the dynamics of glucose regulation.

连续血糖监测 (CGM) 是血浆葡萄糖测量的一种有前途的微创替代方案，用于校准胰岛素调节的葡萄糖代谢的基于生理学的数学模型，减少对临床测量的依赖。然而，使用 CGM 葡萄糖（特别是与胰岛素测量相结合）来开发个性化的葡萄糖调节模型仍有待探索。在这里，我们使用连续血糖监测（CGM）同时测量超重或肥胖个体的口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）期间的间质葡萄糖浓度以及血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度，以校准葡萄糖-胰岛素动力学的个性化模型。我们在模型校准中比较了间质葡萄糖和血浆葡萄糖的使用，并评估了对模型拟合、可识别性以及模型参数与临床相关代谢指标的关联的影响。根据血浆和间质葡萄糖校准的模型产生了良好的模型拟合，并且在两种情况下与代谢指标（例如胰岛素敏感性测量）相关的参数估计。此外，与血浆葡萄糖相比，在 CGM 葡萄糖估计模型中模型参数的实际可识别性得到了改善。这些结果共同表明，CGM 葡萄糖可被视为模型校准中血浆葡萄糖测量的微创替代方案，以量化葡萄糖调节的动态。