Having reliable information regarding the status of nuclear waste along its lifecycle has been identified as a major booster of public confidence in nuclear programs. The technical solutions proposed in the literature to address this issue remain confined to proof-of-concept implementations within the boundaries of individual nuclear plants. In this work, we aim at answering the following question: How can we design a system to monitor the radioactive waste information along its complete lifecycle across different stakeholders, while making such information also safely available to the public when necessary? The proposed system combines IoT and blockchain technology. IoT sensors placed on nuclear waste drums allow to generate information regarding their status in real time. Blockchain provides an immutable repository for the drum monitoring information decentralized across a set of stakeholders, like nuclear waste originators, waste packaging and transportation companies, storage sites, and regulatory bodies. Following the principles of design science research, we describe a prototype implementation of the proposed system based on a private instance of Ethereum and its application in a pseudo-real use case in Korea. The proposed system is the first of its kind evaluated by practitioners and aims to set a reference for future implementations in this field.

中文翻译：

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结合区块链和物联网实现安全透明的核废料管理：原型实施

掌握有关核废料整个生命周期状态的可靠信息已被认为是公众对核计划信心的主要增强剂。文献中提出的解决这一问题的技术解决方案仍然局限于单个核电站范围内的概念验证实施。在这项工作中，我们旨在回答以下问题：我们如何设计一个系统来监控不同利益相关者在其整个生命周期中的放射性废物信息，同时在必要时使这些信息也安全地向公众提供？所提出的系统结合了物联网和区块链技术。放置在核废料桶上的物联网传感器可以实时生成有关其状态的信息。区块链为分散在核废料产生者、废料包装和运输公司、储存场所和监管机构等利益相关者之间的鼓监测信息提供了一个不可变的存储库。遵循设计科学研究的原则，我们描述了基于以太坊私有实例的所提出系统的原型实现及其在韩国的伪真实用例中的应用。该系统是第一个由从业者评估的同类系统，旨在为该领域的未来实施提供参考。