Antarctic krill oil (AKO) is highly sought after by consumers and the food industry due to its richness in a variety of nutrients and physiological activities. However, current extraction methods are not sufficient to better extract AKO and its nutrients, and AKO is susceptible to lipid oxidation during processing and storage, leading to nutrient loss and the formation of off‐flavors and toxic compounds. The development of various extraction methods and encapsulation systems for AKO to improve oil yield, nutritional value, antioxidant capacity, and bioavailability has become a research hotspot. This review summarizes the research progress of AKO from extraction to encapsulation system construction. The AKO extraction mechanism, technical parameters, oil yield and composition of solvent extraction, aqueous enzymatic extraction, supercritical/subcritical extraction, and three‐liquid‐phase salting‐out extraction system are described in detail. The principles, choice of emulsifier/wall materials, preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages of four common encapsulation systems for AKO, namely micro/nanoemulsions, microcapsules, liposomes and nanostructured lipid carriers, are summarized. These four encapsulation systems are characterized by high encapsulation efficiency, low production cost, high bioavailability and high antioxidant capacity. Depending on the unique advantages and conditions of different encapsulation methods, as well as consumer demand for health and nutrition, different products can be developed. However, existing AKO encapsulation systems lack relevant studies on digestive absorption and targeted release, and the single product category of commercially available products limits consumer choice. In conjunction with clinical studies of AKO encapsulation systems, the development of encapsulation systems for special populations should be a future research direction.

中文翻译：

---

南极磷虾油封装系统的进展：从提取到封装以及未来方向

南极磷虾油（AKO）因其富含多种营养成分和生理活性而备受消费者和食品行业的追捧。然而，现有的提取方法不足以更好地提取AKO及其营养成分，而且AKO在加工和储存过程中容易发生脂质氧化，导致营养成分损失并形成异味和有毒化合物。开发AKO的各种提取方法和封装系统以提高出油率、营养价值、抗氧化能力和生物利用度已成为研究热点。本文综述了AKO从提取到封装体系构建的研究进展。详细介绍了溶剂萃取、水酶萃取、超临界/亚临界萃取、三相盐析萃取系统的AKO萃取机理、技术参数、出油率和组成。总结了微纳乳、微胶囊、脂质体和纳米结构脂质载体四种常见的AKO包封体系的原理、乳化剂/壁材的选择、制备方法以及优缺点。这四种包封系统具有包封效率高、生产成本低、生物利用度高和抗氧化能力强的特点。根据不同封装方式的独特优势和条件，以及消费者对健康和营养的需求，可以开发出不同的产品。然而，现有的AKO封装系统缺乏消化吸收和靶向释放的相关研究，且市售产品产品类别单一限制了消费者的选择。结合AKO封装系统的临床研究，开发针对特殊人群的封装系统应该是未来的研究方向。