An improved understanding of biodiversity-productivity relationships (BPRs) along environmental gradients is crucial for effective ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. The suggests that BPRs are stronger in stressful environments compared to more favorable conditions. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the variation of BPRs along elevational gradients and their generality across different landscapes. To study how BPRs change with elevation, we harnessed inventory data on 6,431 trees from 152 plots surveyed twice in eight to ten year intervals in mountain forests of temperate Europe and subtropical Asia. We quantified the relationship between aboveground productivity and different biodiversity measures, including taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. To elucidate the processes underlying BPRs, we studied the variation of different functional traits along elevation across landscapes. We found no general pattern of BPRs across landscapes and elevations. Relationships were neutral for all biodiversity measures in temperate forests, and negative for taxonomic and functional diversity in subtropical forests. BPRs were largely congruent between taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. We found only weak support for the , with BPRs turning from negative to positive (effect not significant) close to the tree line in subtropical forests. In temperate forests, however, elevation patterns were strongly modulated by species identity effects as influenced by specific traits. The effect of traits such as community-weighted mean of maximum plant height and wood density on productivity was congruent across landscapes. Our study highlights the context-dependence of BPRs across elevation gradients and landscapes. Species traits are key modulating factors of BPRs and should be considered more explicitly in studies of the functional role of biodiversity. Furthermore, our findings highlight that potential trade-offs between conserving biodiversity and fostering ecosystem productivity exist, which require more attention in policy and management.

中文翻译：

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温带和亚热带森林景观沿海拔高度的生物多样性与生产力关系不具有普遍性

更好地了解沿环境梯度的生物多样性与生产力关系（BPR）对于有效的生态系统管理和生物多样性保护至关重要。这表明，与更有利的条件相比，业务流程重组在有压力的环境中更强。然而，关于 BPR 沿海拔梯度的变化及其在不同景观中的普遍性的知识有限。为了研究 BPR 如何随海拔变化，我们利用了欧洲温带和亚洲亚热带山地森林中 152 个地块的 6,431 棵树的库存数据，这些地块每隔 8 至 10 年进行两次调查。我们量化了地上生产力与不同生物多样性指标之间的关系，包括分类、功能和系统发育多样性。为了阐明 BPR 背后的过程，我们研究了不同景观中不同功能特征沿海拔的变化。我们没有发现跨景观和海拔的 BPR 的一般模式。温带森林的所有生物多样性措施的关系是中性的，而亚热带森林的分类和功能多样性的关系是负的。 BPR 在分类学、功能和系统发育多样性之间基本一致。我们发现对 的支持很弱，在亚热带森林的林木线附近，BPR 从负值转为正值（效果不显着）。然而，在温带森林中，海拔模式受到特定性状影响的物种身份效应的强烈调节。最大植物高度和木材密度的群落加权平均值等性状对生产力的影响在不同景观中是一致的。我们的研究强调了跨海拔梯度和景观的 BPR 的环境依赖性。物种特征是 BPR 的关键调节因素，在生物多样性功能作用的研究中应更明确地考虑。此外，我们的研究结果强调，保护生物多样性和促进生态系统生产力之间存在潜在的权衡，这需要在政策和管理方面给予更多关注。