Recently, a renewed history of foreign immigration in Italy, focusing on the very first migration flows after the Second World War, has offered a more appropriate periodisation of the phenomenon. Women have been at the forefront of these flows, which were initially determined by the new postcolonial setting of the former Italian colonies (Eritrea, Somalia and Ethiopia). Subsequently, the immigrants came from various other countries (Spain, Cape Verde, Portugal, El Salvador, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Ceylon, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan). At the same time, the majority of them were employed in a specific sector of the labour market: domestic work. This article focuses on female immigrants who were employed as domestic workers, their presence in public discourse in Italy in the 1960s and 1970s, and government policies in this area. Drawing on statistical data and surveys, press and audiovisual materials, and feminist theory and practices, it aims to analyse the construction of paradigms – visibility, invisibility, subalternity, rights and racialisation – associated with female immigration and domestic work as a specific sector of employment.

最近，意大利外国移民的新历史，重点关注第二次世界大战后的第一次移民流动，为这一现象提供了更合适的分期。妇女一直处于这些流动的最前沿，这最初是由前意大利殖民地（厄立特里亚、索马里和埃塞俄比亚）的新后殖民环境决定的。随后，移民来自其他各个国家（西班牙、佛得角、葡萄牙、萨尔瓦多、秘鲁、菲律宾、斯里兰卡、锡兰、印度、孟加拉国、巴基斯坦）。与此同时，他们中的大多数人受雇于劳动力市场的一个特定部门：家政工作。本文重点关注 20 世纪 60 年代和 1970 年代意大利受雇担任家庭佣工的女性移民、她们在公共话语中的存在以及该领域的政府政策。它利用统计数据和调查、新闻和视听材料以及女权主义理论和实践，旨在分析与女性移民和家政工作作为特定就业部门相关的范式的构建——可见性、不可见性、次等性、权利和种族化。