In order to inhibit dendritic growth and improve the cycle stability of lithium metal anodes (LMAs), a 3D Nanoporous Nickel Foam (NP-NF) collector with hierarchical porous structure is designed through a simple modification strategy of Ni Foam (NF). The strategy only involves two steps, i.e. electrodeposition of metal zinc and chemical dealloying to evolve nanoporous structure. The obtained NP-NF possesses hierarchical pores. The large pores of several hundreds of micrometers from Ni foam could facilitate fast Li transport in dynamics. The mesopores on the surface of 100 nm to 1 μm could provide spatial confinement for Li deposition. The increased specific surface area could also reduce the local current density of electrode and consequently suppress the growth of dendrites. In addition, the in-situ formed lithophilic NiO on the 3D NP-NF surface can uniformly induce Li deposition. Compared to the Ni foam skeleton, 3D NP-NF in LMAs presents a significantly improved Li plating/string stability with a high Coulombic efficiency of 95 % after 350 cycles with plating capacity of 1 mAh cm at a current density of 1 mA cm. 3D NP-NF@Li|Li cell shows an ultra-low overpotential of 18 mV during the 500 cycles (1000 h) at a current density of 1 mA cm. The 3D NP-NF@Li|LiFePO can stably cycle for 300 times with the capacity retention of above 80 % at 1C. This work demonstrates that constructing a micro-nano 3D porous structure collector can inhibit dendritic growth and improve lifespan of LMAs.

中文翻译：

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锂金属负极沉积脱合金法3D分级多孔集流体

为了抑制枝晶生长并提高锂金属负极（LMA）的循环稳定性，通过对泡沫镍（NF）进行简单的改性策略，设计了具有分级多孔结构的3D纳米多孔镍泡沫（NP-NF）集流体。该策略仅涉及两个步骤，即金属锌的电沉积和化学脱合金以形成纳米多孔结构。所得NP-NF具有分级孔。泡沫镍具有数百微米的大孔，可以促进锂在动力学中的快速传输。表面100 nm至1 μm的介孔可以为Li沉积提供空间限制。增加的比表面积还可以降低电极的局部电流密度，从而抑制枝晶的生长。此外，3D NP-NF表面原位形成的亲石NiO可以均匀诱导Li沉积。与泡沫镍骨架相比，LMAs 中的 3D NP-NF 显着提高了锂镀层/串稳定性，350 个循环后库仑效率高达 95%，在电流密度为 1 mA cm 时镀层容量为 1 mAh cm。 3D NP-NF@Li|Li 电池在 1 mA cm 的电流密度下经过 500 个循环（1000 小时）后显示出 18 mV 的超低过电位。 3D NP-NF@Li|LiFePO可稳定循环300次，1C下容量保持率超过80%。这项工作表明，构建微纳3D多孔结构收集器可以抑制枝晶生长并提高LMAs的寿命。