This study distinguishes heterogeneity and inequality by exploring how nationality diversity influences leadership perceptions in multinational teams. Using two studies that assessed 105 (Study 1) and 40 (Study 2) teams comprising 4,120 and 2,180 dyads respectively, we find that nationality-based status influences leadership perceptions directly and indirectly through perceptions of higher-status peers. Nationality-based identity had no direct effect, but some evidence suggests an indirect effect on leadership that was mediated by perceptions of culturally similar peers. These findings highlight nationality as a source of inequality beyond heterogeneity, elucidating the social perceptual paths that shape leadership in multinational contexts.

中文翻译：

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从异质性到不平等：国籍多样性对跨国团队领导力的影响

本研究通过探讨国籍多样性如何影响跨国团队的领导认知来区分异质性和不平等。两项研究分别评估了 105 个（研究 1）和 40 个（研究 2）团队，分别由 4,120 人和 2,180 人组成，我们发现基于国籍的地位通过对地位较高的同事的看法直接和间接影响领导力看法。基于国籍的身份没有直接影响，但一些证据表明，对领导力的间接影响是通过文化相似的同龄人的看法来调节的。这些发现强调国籍是超越异质性的不平等根源，阐明了在跨国环境中塑造领导力的社会感知路径。