Entanglement is a quintessential quantum mechanical phenomenon with no classical equivalent. First discussed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen and formally introduced by Schrödinger in 1935, entanglement has grown from a scientific debate to a radically new resource that sparks a technological revolution. This review focuses on fundamentals and recent advances in entanglement-based quantum information technology (QIT), specifically in photonic systems. Photons are unique quantum information carriers with several advantages, such as their ability to operate at room temperature, their compatibility with existing communication and sensing infrastructures, and the availability of readily accessible optical components. Photons also interface well with other solid-state quantum platforms. We first provide an overview on entanglement, starting with an introduction to its development from a historical perspective followed by the theory for entanglement generation and the associated representative experiments. We then dive into the applications of entanglement-based QIT for sensing, imaging, spectroscopy, data processing, and communication. Before closing, we present an outlook for the architecture of the next-generation entanglement-based QIT and its prospective applications.

中文翻译：

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基于纠缠的量子信息技术：教程

纠缠是一种典型的量子力学现象，没有经典的等价物。纠缠首先由爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森讨论，并由薛定谔于 1935 年正式提出，它已从一场科学辩论发展成为引发技术革命的全新资源。本综述重点关注基于纠缠的量子信息技术（QIT）的基础知识和最新进展，特别是在光子系统中。光子是独特的量子信息载体，具有多种优势，例如它们在室温下运行的能力、与现有通信和传感基础设施的兼容性以及易于访问的光学组件的可用性。光子还可以与其他固态量子平台很好地接口。我们首先对纠缠进行概述，首先从历史角度介绍纠缠的发展，然后介绍纠缠生成理论和相关的代表性实验。然后，我们深入研究基于纠缠的 QIT 在传感、成像、光谱学、数据处理和通信方面的应用。在结束之前，我们对下一代基于纠缠的 QIT 的架构及其潜在应用进行了展望。