The calcium looping (CaL) for thermochemical energy storage possesses a great potential to promote solar thermal utilization. However, the performance of CaL, especially for the Ca-based energy carrier, cannot satisfy the expectations of industrial application, requiring enhancement between multiple length scales. Hence, a model for solar-driven CaL energy storage process, coupled by three-dimensional reactor, two-dimensional light field and one-dimensional particle models, is proposed to study the multiprocess behavior on particle flow, photothermal conversion, calcination reaction, heat-mass transfer and stress response. It is found that moving-bed reactor contributes to achieving continuous calcination and reducing particle waste, while the rapid bouncing particles inhibit the performance of single particle, with up to 45.7 % reduction in conversion. Additionally, energy carrier with stable and continuous flow normally yields high energy storage efficiency and cycle stability when the conversion of outlet particle is closed to 1 and thermal stress is less than 50 MPa.

中文翻译：

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用于太阳能钙循环储能过程的 Ca 基材料的多尺度建模：从煅烧反应器到能量载体


用于热化学储能的钙循环 （CaL） 具有促进太阳能热利用的巨大潜力。然而，CaL 的性能，尤其是基于 Ca的能量载体，无法满足工业应用的期望，需要在多个长度尺度之间进行增强。因此，提出了一种由三维反应器、二维光场和一维粒子模型耦合的太阳能驱动 CaL 储能过程模型，以研究粒子流、光热转换、煅烧反应、热传质和应力响应的多过程行为。研究发现，移动床反应器有助于实现连续煅烧和减少颗粒浪费，而快速弹跳的颗粒会抑制单个颗粒的性能，转化率降低高达 45.7%。此外，当出口颗粒的转化率接近 1 且热应力小于 50 MPa 时，具有稳定连续流动的能量载体通常会产生较高的储能效率和循环稳定性。