Herein, three novel alkaline ionic liquids (ILs) with nitrogen-containing heterocycles were prepared via a two-step method, which were then utilized as excellent catalysts for biodiesel synthesis through transesterification of emerging Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil (ATBSO) and methanol. The alkaline ILs exhibited favorable catalytic performance, with 1-(2,3-dihydroxy)-propyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene) hydroxide ([DPTD][OH]) exhibiting the highest catalytic efficiency among them. Furthermore, the effect of the independent variables and their interactions on biodiesel yield were assessed and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal parameters, which consisted of a reaction temperature of 71 °C, a reaction time of 137 min, a substrate molar ratio of methanol to ATBSO of 12:1, and a catalyst loading of 1.3 wt%, the biodiesel yield reached a maximum of 97.3 %. The catalytic transesterification of ATBSO for the preparation of biodiesel exhibited an activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of 35.14 kJ·mol−1, 32.37 kJ·mol−1, −178.80 J·mol−1·K−1 and 93.70 kJ·mol−1 at 343 K, respectively. It is worth noting that, after the reaction, an automatic phase separation between biodiesel and the catalyst occurred, minimizing the processes of product isolation and purification. Additionally, [DPTD][OH] exhibited favorable reusability over the four reaction cycles, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for biodiesel production. The biodiesel obtained from ATBSO demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, such as good cold flow property and flash point, which conform to the biodiesel standards outlined in ASTM D6751 and EN 14212.

中文翻译：

---

揭晓创新：使用新型高效碱性离子液体催化剂，优化新兴元宝枫种子油的生物柴油生产


在此，通过两步法制备了三种新型含氮杂环碱性离子液体（IL），然后通过新兴元宝枫种子油（ATBSO）与甲醇的酯交换反应，将其用作生物柴油合成的优异催化剂。碱性离子液体表现出良好的催化性能，1-(2,3-二羟基)-丙基-1,5,7-三氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯)氢氧化物([DPTD][OH])表现出其中催化效率最高。此外，使用响应面法（RSM）评估和优化自变量及其相互作用对生物柴油产量的影响。在反应温度71 ℃、反应时间137 min、底物甲醇与ATBSO摩尔比12:1、催化剂负载量1.3 wt%的最佳参数下，生物柴油收率达到最高可达 97.3%。 ATBSO催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油的活化能(Ea)、焓(ΔH)、熵(ΔS)和吉布斯自由能(ΔG)分别为35.14 kJ·mol−1、32.37 kJ·mol−1、 343 K 时分别为 -178.80 J·mol−1·K−1 和 93.70 kJ·mol−1。值得注意的是，反应后，生物柴油和催化剂之间发生自动相分离，最大限度地减少了产物分离和纯化的过程。此外，[DPTD][OH]在四个反应循环中表现出良好的可重复使用性，为生物柴油生产提供了可持续且环保的方法。从 ATBSO 获得的生物柴油表现出优异的理化性能，例如良好的冷流性能和闪点，符合 ASTM D6751 和 EN 14212 中概述的生物柴油标准。