Biohydrogen (Bio-H) is widely recognized as a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source, devoid of any detrimental impact on the environment. Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is a readily accessible and plentiful source material that can be effectively employed as a cost-effective and sustainable substrate for Bio-H production. Despite the numerous challenges, the ongoing progress in LB pretreatment technology, microbial fermentation, and the integration of molecular biology techniques have the potential to enhance Bio-H productivity and yield. Consequently, this technology exhibits efficiency and the capacity to meet the future energy demands associated with the valorization of recalcitrant biomass. To date, several pretreatment approaches have been investigated in order to improve the digestibility of feedstock. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of comprehensive systematic studies examining the effectiveness of pretreatment methods in enhancing Bio-H production through dark fermentation. Additionally, there is a dearth of economic feasibility evaluations pertaining to this area of research. Thus, this review has conducted comparative studies on the technological and economic viability of current pretreatment methods. It has also examined the potential of these pretreatments in terms of carbon neutrality and circular economy principles. This review paves the way for a new opportunity to enhance Bio-H production with technological approaches.

中文翻译：

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利用顽固的木质纤维素生物质来提高生物氢产量：最新进展、挑战和未来前景

生物氢（Bio-H）被广泛认为是一种可持续且环保的能源，对环境没有任何有害影响。木质纤维素生物质 (LB) 是一种易于获取且丰富的来源材料，可有效用作 Bio-H 生产的经济有效且可持续的基质。尽管面临诸多挑战，LB预处理技术、微生物发酵和分子生物学技术整合方面的持续进展有潜力提高Bio-H的生产力和产量。因此，该技术表现出效率和能力，可以满足与顽固生物质增值相关的未来能源需求。迄今为止，为了提高原料的消化率，已经研究了几种预处理方法。然而，目前还缺乏全面的系统研究来检验预处理方法在通过暗发酵提高 Bio-H 产量方面的有效性。此外，缺乏与该研究领域相关的经济可行性评估。因此，本综述对当前预处理方法的技术和经济可行性进行了比较研究。它还研究了这些预处理在碳中和和循环经济原则方面的潜力。本次审查为通过技术方法增强 Bio-H 生产的新机会铺平了道路。