Genome engineering has revolutionized several scientific fields, ranging from biochemistry and fundamental research to therapeutic uses and crop development. Diverse engineering toolkits have been developed and used to effectively modify the genome sequences of organisms. However, there is a lack of extensive reviews on genome engineering technologies based on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which induce genetic diversity within host cells by changing their locations in the genome. This review provides a comprehensive update on the versatility of MGEs as powerful genome engineering tools that offers efficient solutions to challenges associated with genome engineering. MGEs, including DNA transposons, retrotransposons, retrons, and CRISPR-associated transposons, offer various advantages, such as a broad host range, genome-wide mutagenesis, efficient large-size DNA integration, multiplexing capabilities, and single-stranded DNA generation. We focused on the components, mechanisms, and features of each MGE-based tool to highlight their cellular applications. Finally, we discussed the current challenges of MGE-based genome engineering and provided insights into the evolving landscape of this transformative technology. In conclusion, the combination of genome engineering with MGE demonstrates remarkable potential for addressing various challenges and advancing the field of genetic manipulation, and promises to revolutionize our ability to engineer and understand the genomes of diverse organisms.

中文翻译：

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基于移动遗传元件的基因编辑和基因组工程：最新进展和应用


基因组工程彻底改变了多个科学领域，从生物化学和基础研究到治疗用途和作物开发。已经开发并使用了多种工程工具包来有效地修改生物体的基因组序列。然而，基于移动遗传元件（MGE）的基因组工程技术缺乏广泛的综述，这种技术通过改变宿主细胞在基因组中的位置来诱导宿主细胞内的遗传多样性。这篇综述对 MGE 作为强大的基因组工程工具的多功能性进行了全面更新，为与基因组工程相关的挑战提供了有效的解决方案。 MGE，包括DNA转座子、逆转录转座子、逆转录子和CRISPR相关转座子，具有多种优势，例如广泛的宿主范围、全基因组诱变、高效的大尺寸DNA整合、复用能力和单链DNA生成。我们重点关注每个基于 MGE 的工具的组件、机制和功能，以突出其蜂窝应用。最后，我们讨论了基于 MGE 的基因组工程当前面临的挑战，并深入了解了这一变革性技术的发展前景。总之，基因组工程与 MGE 的结合展示了解决各种挑战和推进基因操纵领域的巨大潜力，并有望彻底改变我们设计和理解不同生物体基因组的能力。