蚜虫毒液对宿主蚜虫的免疫抑制,Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata

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蚜虫毒液对宿主蚜虫的免疫抑制
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 , DOI: 10.1111/eea.13431
Elia Russo ₁ , Andrea Becchimanzi _{1,

2} , Giulia Magoga ₁ , Matteo Montagna _{1,

2} , Ilaria Di Lelio _{1,

2} , Francesco Pennacchio _{1,

2}

Affiliation

寄生蜂对宿主的免疫抑制是宿主调节策略的重要组成部分。产卵时注射的毒液是参与这种宿主改变的关键因素之一，在一些寄生蜂中，其免疫抑制作用得到黄蜂共生体的补充。该研究领域的大多数研究都与鳞翅目和双翅目宿主有关，观察到它们具有强烈的免疫反应，而对半变态宿主物种知之甚少，其特征是防御屏障明显弱得多。为了填补这一研究空白，我们重点关注宿主-寄生蜂系统豌豆蚜（哈里斯）（半翅目：蚜科）–蚜虫Haliday（膜翅目：茧蜂科）。我们对丝氨酸蛋白酶同系物进行了功能表征（埃SPH）体内蛋白质，在蚜虫内寄生蜂的毒液中鉴定出埃尔维，生成埃通过 RNA 干扰去除 SPH 的雌性黄蜂，并评估其成功寄生宿主的能力。寄生成功率受到负面影响埃SPH 敲低与蚜虫中酚氧化酶 (PO) 级联激活的增加相关，通过测量 PO 酶活性和酚氧化酶激活因子2，一个 proPO 激活基因上调响应埃尔维寄生。我们的结果表明埃SPH 通过抑制宿主的黑化反应来促进寄生成功，因此这是参与寄生蜂卵抑制的防御屏障的重要组成部分。正在进行的其他毒力因子的研究埃尔维毒液将有助于进一步表征免疫抑制策略及其通过其对蚜虫共生体发育的作用在宿主调节中可能发挥的更广泛作用。

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Host aphid immunosuppression by Aphidius ervi venom

The host immunosuppression by parasitic wasps is an important component of the host regulation strategy. The venom injected at the oviposition is one of the key‐factors involved in this host alteration and, in some parasitoids, its immunosuppressive role is complemented by wasp's symbionts. Most studies in this research area are related to hosts belonging to Lepidoptera and Diptera, for which a strong immune response is observed, whereas little is known for hemimetabolous host species, characterized by apparently much weaker defense barriers. To fill this research gap, here we focus on the host–parasitoid system Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) – Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We functionally characterized a serine protease homolog (AeSPH) protein in vivo, identified in the venom of the aphid endoparasitoid A. ervi, generating AeSPH‐depleted female wasps by RNA interference and evaluating their capacity to successfully parasitize the host. Parasitism success rate was negatively affected by AeSPH knockdown and associated with an increased phenoloxidase (PO) cascade activation in aphids, scored by measuring PO enzymatic activity and the expression of phenoloxidase activating factor 2, a proPO‐activating gene upregulated in response to A. ervi parasitism. Our results indicate that AeSPH contributes to parasitism success by inhibiting the melanization response of the host, which is therefore an important component of the defense barriers involved in the parasitoid egg suppression. The ongoing studies on other virulence factors in A. ervi venom will allow to further characterize the immunosuppression strategy and its possible broader role in the host regulation through its action on aphid symbiont development.

更新日期：2024-03-26

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